TY - JOUR
T1 - Use of the English urgent referral pathway for suspected cancer and mortality in patients with cancer
T2 - Cohort study
AU - Møller, Henrik
AU - Gildea, Carolynn
AU - Meechan, David
AU - Rubin, Greg
AU - Round, Thomas
AU - Vedsted, Peter
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2015.
PY - 2015/10/13
Y1 - 2015/10/13
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To assess the overall effect of the English urgent referral pathway on cancer survival. SETTING: 8049 general practices in England. DESIGN: Cohort study. Linked information from the national Cancer Waiting Times database, NHS Exeter database, and National Cancer Register was used to estimate mortality in patients in relation to the propensity of their general practice to use the urgent referral pathway. PARTICIPANTS: 215 284 patients with cancer, diagnosed or first treated in England in 2009 and followed up to 2013. Outco me measure Hazard ratios for death from any cause, as estimated from a Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: During four years of follow-up, 91 620 deaths occurred, of which 51 606 (56%) occurred within the first year after diagnosis. Two measures of the propensity to use urgent referral, the standardised referral ratio and the detection rate, were associated with reduced mortality. The hazard ratio for the combination of high referral ratio and high detection rate was 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.94 to 0.99), applying to 16% (n=34 758) of the study population. Patients with cancer who were registered with general practices with the lowest use of urgent referral had an excess mortality (hazard ratio 1.07 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.08); 37% (n=79 416) of the study population). The comparator group for these two hazard ratios was the remaining 47% (n=101 110) of the study population. This result in mortality was consistent for different types of cancer (apart from breast cancer) and with other stratifications of the dataset, and was not sensitive to adjustment for potential confounders and other details of the statistical model. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the urgent referral pathway could be efficacious. General practices that consistently have a low propensity to use urgent referrals could consider increasing the use of this pathway to improve the survival of their patients with cancer.
AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess the overall effect of the English urgent referral pathway on cancer survival. SETTING: 8049 general practices in England. DESIGN: Cohort study. Linked information from the national Cancer Waiting Times database, NHS Exeter database, and National Cancer Register was used to estimate mortality in patients in relation to the propensity of their general practice to use the urgent referral pathway. PARTICIPANTS: 215 284 patients with cancer, diagnosed or first treated in England in 2009 and followed up to 2013. Outco me measure Hazard ratios for death from any cause, as estimated from a Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: During four years of follow-up, 91 620 deaths occurred, of which 51 606 (56%) occurred within the first year after diagnosis. Two measures of the propensity to use urgent referral, the standardised referral ratio and the detection rate, were associated with reduced mortality. The hazard ratio for the combination of high referral ratio and high detection rate was 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.94 to 0.99), applying to 16% (n=34 758) of the study population. Patients with cancer who were registered with general practices with the lowest use of urgent referral had an excess mortality (hazard ratio 1.07 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.08); 37% (n=79 416) of the study population). The comparator group for these two hazard ratios was the remaining 47% (n=101 110) of the study population. This result in mortality was consistent for different types of cancer (apart from breast cancer) and with other stratifications of the dataset, and was not sensitive to adjustment for potential confounders and other details of the statistical model. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the urgent referral pathway could be efficacious. General practices that consistently have a low propensity to use urgent referrals could consider increasing the use of this pathway to improve the survival of their patients with cancer.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84947591298&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1136/bmj.h5102
DO - 10.1136/bmj.h5102
M3 - Article
C2 - 26462713
AN - SCOPUS:84947591298
SN - 0959-8146
VL - 351
JO - British Medical Journal
JF - British Medical Journal
M1 - h5102
ER -
