Understanding healthcare workers' experiences of face mask use in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interview study

Background: Whilst healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of contracting infectious viral diseases, such as COVID-19, measures can be put in place to reduce the spread of diseases in healthcare settings. These currently include the use of different types of masks: fluid-resistant surgical masks (FRSM) and filtering facepiece (FFP3) respirators. However, for mask policies to be effective, compliance with their use must be high. Aim: To understand any barriers to face mask use, and to promote compliance with face mask policy. Methods: Twelve HCWs from a variety of backgrounds were interviewed during the COVID-19 pandemic in England in 2022 to understand their experiences of mask use. We explored factors associated with compliance with mask use and potential impacts on HCW wellbeing. Findings: Overall, participants reported good understanding of the benefits of masks and high compliance levels with policy. However, factors that reduced their compliance with mask policy and impacted their ability to carry out their role were highlighted. These included wearing masks for longer durations, policy being perceived as out of proportion with risk, communication challenges, and discomfort. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of clear communication of guidance, particularly when it has changed, ensuring staff are familiar with up-to-date research on efficacy of masks, and ensuring guidance aligns with risk. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of masks being required for an appropriate duration (based on risk).