The antigenic anatomy of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain

Wanwisa Dejnirattisai, Daming Zhou, Helen M. Ginn, Helen M.E. Duyvesteyn, Piyada Supasa, James Brett Case, Yuguang Zhao, Thomas S. Walter, Alexander J. Mentzer, Chang Liu, Beibei Wang, Guido C. Paesen, Jose Slon-Campos, César López-Camacho, Natasha M. Kafai, Adam L. Bailey, Rita E. Chen, Baoling Ying, Craig Thompson, Jai BoltonAlex Fyfe, Sunetra Gupta, Tiong Kit Tan, Javier Gilbert-Jaramillo, William James, Michael Knight, Miles W. Carroll, Donal Skelly, Christina Dold, Yanchun Peng, Robert Levin, Tao Dong, Andrew J. Pollard, Julian C. Knight, Paul Klenerman, Nigel Temperton, David R. Hall, Mark A. Williams, Neil G. Paterson, Felicity K.R. Bertram, C. Alistair Siebert, Daniel K. Clare, Andrew Howe, Julika Radecke, Yun Song, Alain R. Townsend, Kuan Ying A. Huang, Elizabeth E. Fry, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya*, Michael S. Diamond*, Jingshan Ren*, David I. Stuart*, Gavin R. Screaton*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

250 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Antibodies are crucial to immune protection against SARS-CoV-2, with some in emergency use as therapeutics. Here, we identify 377 human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing the virus spike and focus mainly on 80 that bind the receptor binding domain (RBD). We devise a competition data-driven method to map RBD binding sites. We find that although antibody binding sites are widely dispersed, neutralizing antibody binding is focused, with nearly all highly inhibitory mAbs (IC50 < 0.1 μg/mL) blocking receptor interaction, except for one that binds a unique epitope in the N-terminal domain. Many of these neutralizing mAbs use public V-genes and are close to germline. We dissect the structural basis of recognition for this large panel of antibodies through X-ray crystallography and cryoelectron microscopy of 19 Fab-antigen structures. We find novel binding modes for some potently inhibitory antibodies and demonstrate that strongly neutralizing mAbs protect, prophylactically or therapeutically, in animal models.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2183-2200.e22
Number of pages40
JournalCell
Volume184
Issue number8
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 15 Apr 2021

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors

Keywords

  • coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, anti-RBD antibody, receptor binding domain, antibody, immune responses, virus structure

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