Temperature inactivation of Feline calicivirus vaccine strain FCV F-9 in comparison with human noroviruses using an RNA exposure assay and reverse transcribed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-A novel method for predicting virus infectivity

J. R. Topping; H. Schnerr; J. Haines; M. Scott; M. J. Carter; M. M. Willcocks; K. Bellamy; David Brown; James Gray; Christopher Gallimore; A. I. Knight

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.10.024

Temperature inactivation of Feline calicivirus vaccine strain FCV F-9 in comparison with human noroviruses using an RNA exposure assay and reverse transcribed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-A novel method for predicting virus infectivity

J. R. Topping, H. Schnerr, J. Haines, M. Scott, M. J. Carter, M. M. Willcocks, K. Bellamy, David Brown, James Gray, Christopher Gallimore, A. I. Knight^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

112 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A one-step reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) method in combination with RNase treatment and low copy number samples was developed in order to examine the effect of temperature on the ability of virus capsids to protect their RNA content. The method was applied to a non-cultivable virus (GII.4 norovirus) and Feline calicivirus vaccine strain F-9 (FCV) which is often used as a norovirus surrogate. Results demonstrated that FCV RNA is exposed maximally after 2 min at 63.3 °C and this correlated with a greater than 4.5 log reduction in infectivity as assessed by plaque assay. In contrast human GII.4 norovirus RNA present in diluted clinical specimens was not exposed maximally until 76.6 °C, at least 13.3 °C greater than that for FCV. These data suggest that norovirus possesses greater thermostability than this commonly used surrogate. Further, these studies indicate that current food processing regimes for pasteurisation are insufficient to achieve inactivation of GII.4 NoVs. The method provides a novel molecular method for predicting virus infectivity.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	89-95
Number of pages	7
Journal	Journal of Virological Methods
Volume	156
Issue number	1-2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.10.024
Publication status	Published - Mar 2009

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank Dr. S. Clegg for useful discussions. This work was supported under the Food LINK programme by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and by industrial support from Unilever plc, Waitrose plc, Princess Cruises plc, Atlas Genetics Ltd., Scottish Shellfish Marketing Group, Premier Foods Ltd., and Evans Vanodine plc, H.S. was a recipient of a Marie Curie Fellowship financed by the European Commission.

Copyright:
Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Keywords

Calicivirus
Inactivation
NoVs
Norovirus
RNase
RT-QPCR
Virus infectivity

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Topping, J. R., Schnerr, H., Haines, J., Scott, M., Carter, M. J., Willcocks, M. M., Bellamy, K., Brown, D., Gray, J., Gallimore, C., & Knight, A. I. (2009). Temperature inactivation of Feline calicivirus vaccine strain FCV F-9 in comparison with human noroviruses using an RNA exposure assay and reverse transcribed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-A novel method for predicting virus infectivity. Journal of Virological Methods, 156(1-2), 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.10.024

Topping, J. R. ; Schnerr, H. ; Haines, J. et al. / Temperature inactivation of Feline calicivirus vaccine strain FCV F-9 in comparison with human noroviruses using an RNA exposure assay and reverse transcribed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-A novel method for predicting virus infectivity. In: Journal of Virological Methods. 2009 ; Vol. 156, No. 1-2. pp. 89-95.

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title = "Temperature inactivation of Feline calicivirus vaccine strain FCV F-9 in comparison with human noroviruses using an RNA exposure assay and reverse transcribed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-A novel method for predicting virus infectivity",

abstract = "A one-step reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) method in combination with RNase treatment and low copy number samples was developed in order to examine the effect of temperature on the ability of virus capsids to protect their RNA content. The method was applied to a non-cultivable virus (GII.4 norovirus) and Feline calicivirus vaccine strain F-9 (FCV) which is often used as a norovirus surrogate. Results demonstrated that FCV RNA is exposed maximally after 2 min at 63.3 °C and this correlated with a greater than 4.5 log reduction in infectivity as assessed by plaque assay. In contrast human GII.4 norovirus RNA present in diluted clinical specimens was not exposed maximally until 76.6 °C, at least 13.3 °C greater than that for FCV. These data suggest that norovirus possesses greater thermostability than this commonly used surrogate. Further, these studies indicate that current food processing regimes for pasteurisation are insufficient to achieve inactivation of GII.4 NoVs. The method provides a novel molecular method for predicting virus infectivity.",

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author = "Topping, {J. R.} and H. Schnerr and J. Haines and M. Scott and Carter, {M. J.} and Willcocks, {M. M.} and K. Bellamy and David Brown and James Gray and Christopher Gallimore and Knight, {A. I.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors wish to thank Dr. S. Clegg for useful discussions. This work was supported under the Food LINK programme by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and by industrial support from Unilever plc, Waitrose plc, Princess Cruises plc, Atlas Genetics Ltd., Scottish Shellfish Marketing Group, Premier Foods Ltd., and Evans Vanodine plc, H.S. was a recipient of a Marie Curie Fellowship financed by the European Commission. Copyright: Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

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Topping, JR, Schnerr, H, Haines, J, Scott, M, Carter, MJ, Willcocks, MM, Bellamy, K, Brown, D, Gray, J, Gallimore, C & Knight, AI 2009, 'Temperature inactivation of Feline calicivirus vaccine strain FCV F-9 in comparison with human noroviruses using an RNA exposure assay and reverse transcribed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-A novel method for predicting virus infectivity', Journal of Virological Methods, vol. 156, no. 1-2, pp. 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.10.024

Temperature inactivation of Feline calicivirus vaccine strain FCV F-9 in comparison with human noroviruses using an RNA exposure assay and reverse transcribed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-A novel method for predicting virus infectivity. / Topping, J. R.; Schnerr, H.; Haines, J. et al.
In: Journal of Virological Methods, Vol. 156, No. 1-2, 03.2009, p. 89-95.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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AU - Topping, J. R.

AU - Schnerr, H.

AU - Haines, J.

AU - Scott, M.

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AU - Bellamy, K.

AU - Brown, David

AU - Gray, James

AU - Gallimore, Christopher

AU - Knight, A. I.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors wish to thank Dr. S. Clegg for useful discussions. This work was supported under the Food LINK programme by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and by industrial support from Unilever plc, Waitrose plc, Princess Cruises plc, Atlas Genetics Ltd., Scottish Shellfish Marketing Group, Premier Foods Ltd., and Evans Vanodine plc, H.S. was a recipient of a Marie Curie Fellowship financed by the European Commission. Copyright: Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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KW - NoVs

KW - Norovirus

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Topping JR, Schnerr H, Haines J, Scott M, Carter MJ, Willcocks MM et al. Temperature inactivation of Feline calicivirus vaccine strain FCV F-9 in comparison with human noroviruses using an RNA exposure assay and reverse transcribed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-A novel method for predicting virus infectivity. Journal of Virological Methods. 2009 Mar;156(1-2):89-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.10.024

Temperature inactivation of Feline calicivirus vaccine strain FCV F-9 in comparison with human noroviruses using an RNA exposure assay and reverse transcribed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-A novel method for predicting virus infectivity

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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