Systematic review on the non-vectorial transmission of Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEv)

Elisa Martello; Emma L. Gillingham; Revati Phalkey; Constantine Vardavas; Katerina Nikitara; Tamas Bakonyi; Céline M. Gossner; Jo Leonardi-Bee

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102028

Systematic review on the non-vectorial transmission of Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEv)

Elisa Martello^*, Emma L. Gillingham, Revati Phalkey, Constantine Vardavas, Katerina Nikitara, Tamas Bakonyi, Céline M. Gossner, Jo Leonardi-Bee

^*Corresponding author for this work

UK Health Security Agency

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infection caused by the Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEv) and it is common in Europe. The virus is predominantly transmitted by ticks, but other non-vectorial modes of transmission are possible. This systematic review synthesises the epidemiological impact of non-vectorial modes of TBEv transmission in Europe. 41 studies were included comprising of 1308 TBE cases. Alimentary (36 studies), handling infected material (3 studies), blood-borne (1 study), solid organ transplant (1 study) were identified as potential routes of TBEv transmission; however, no evidence of vertical transmission from mother to offspring was reported (2 studies). Consumption of unpasteurised milk/milk products was the most common vehicle of transmission and significantly increased the risk of TBE by three-fold (pooled RR 3.05, 95% CI 1.53 to 6.11; 4 studies). This review also confirms handling infected material, blood-borne and solid organ transplant as potential routes of TBEv transmission. It is important to tracing back to find the vehicle of the viral infection and to promote vaccination as it remains a mainstay for the prevention of TBE.

Original language	English
Article number	102028
Journal	Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases
Volume	13
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102028
Publication status	Published - Nov 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors thank the following colleagues from the ECDC for their help with translations of full text papers: Grazina Mirinaviciute, Boguslaw Andrzej Suski, and Barbora Kinross. The authors would also like to thank Johanna Takkinen for her comments on the project report.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022

Keywords

Alimentary
Blood-borne
Meta-analysis
TBE
Unpasteurized milk
Vertical transmission

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102028

Cite this

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title = "Systematic review on the non-vectorial transmission of Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEv)",

abstract = "Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infection caused by the Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEv) and it is common in Europe. The virus is predominantly transmitted by ticks, but other non-vectorial modes of transmission are possible. This systematic review synthesises the epidemiological impact of non-vectorial modes of TBEv transmission in Europe. 41 studies were included comprising of 1308 TBE cases. Alimentary (36 studies), handling infected material (3 studies), blood-borne (1 study), solid organ transplant (1 study) were identified as potential routes of TBEv transmission; however, no evidence of vertical transmission from mother to offspring was reported (2 studies). Consumption of unpasteurised milk/milk products was the most common vehicle of transmission and significantly increased the risk of TBE by three-fold (pooled RR 3.05, 95% CI 1.53 to 6.11; 4 studies). This review also confirms handling infected material, blood-borne and solid organ transplant as potential routes of TBEv transmission. It is important to tracing back to find the vehicle of the viral infection and to promote vaccination as it remains a mainstay for the prevention of TBE.",

keywords = "Alimentary, Blood-borne, Meta-analysis, TBE, Unpasteurized milk, Vertical transmission",

author = "Elisa Martello and Gillingham, {Emma L.} and Revati Phalkey and Constantine Vardavas and Katerina Nikitara and Tamas Bakonyi and Gossner, {C{\'e}line M.} and Jo Leonardi-Bee",

note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the following colleagues from the ECDC for their help with translations of full text papers: Grazina Mirinaviciute, Boguslaw Andrzej Suski, and Barbora Kinross. The authors would also like to thank Johanna Takkinen for her comments on the project report. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022",

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AU - Martello, Elisa

AU - Gillingham, Emma L.

AU - Phalkey, Revati

AU - Vardavas, Constantine

AU - Nikitara, Katerina

AU - Bakonyi, Tamas

AU - Gossner, Céline M.

AU - Leonardi-Bee, Jo

N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank the following colleagues from the ECDC for their help with translations of full text papers: Grazina Mirinaviciute, Boguslaw Andrzej Suski, and Barbora Kinross. The authors would also like to thank Johanna Takkinen for her comments on the project report. Publisher Copyright: © 2022

PY - 2022/11

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N2 - Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infection caused by the Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEv) and it is common in Europe. The virus is predominantly transmitted by ticks, but other non-vectorial modes of transmission are possible. This systematic review synthesises the epidemiological impact of non-vectorial modes of TBEv transmission in Europe. 41 studies were included comprising of 1308 TBE cases. Alimentary (36 studies), handling infected material (3 studies), blood-borne (1 study), solid organ transplant (1 study) were identified as potential routes of TBEv transmission; however, no evidence of vertical transmission from mother to offspring was reported (2 studies). Consumption of unpasteurised milk/milk products was the most common vehicle of transmission and significantly increased the risk of TBE by three-fold (pooled RR 3.05, 95% CI 1.53 to 6.11; 4 studies). This review also confirms handling infected material, blood-borne and solid organ transplant as potential routes of TBEv transmission. It is important to tracing back to find the vehicle of the viral infection and to promote vaccination as it remains a mainstay for the prevention of TBE.

AB - Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infection caused by the Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEv) and it is common in Europe. The virus is predominantly transmitted by ticks, but other non-vectorial modes of transmission are possible. This systematic review synthesises the epidemiological impact of non-vectorial modes of TBEv transmission in Europe. 41 studies were included comprising of 1308 TBE cases. Alimentary (36 studies), handling infected material (3 studies), blood-borne (1 study), solid organ transplant (1 study) were identified as potential routes of TBEv transmission; however, no evidence of vertical transmission from mother to offspring was reported (2 studies). Consumption of unpasteurised milk/milk products was the most common vehicle of transmission and significantly increased the risk of TBE by three-fold (pooled RR 3.05, 95% CI 1.53 to 6.11; 4 studies). This review also confirms handling infected material, blood-borne and solid organ transplant as potential routes of TBEv transmission. It is important to tracing back to find the vehicle of the viral infection and to promote vaccination as it remains a mainstay for the prevention of TBE.

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KW - Blood-borne

KW - Meta-analysis

KW - TBE

KW - Unpasteurized milk

KW - Vertical transmission

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JO - Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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SN - 1877-959X

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M1 - 102028

ER -

Systematic review on the non-vectorial transmission of Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEv)

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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