Seasonality and immunity to laboratory-confirmed seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E): results from the Flu Watch cohort study [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]

Robert W. Aldridge; Dan Lewer; Sarah Beale; Anne M. Johnson; Maria Zambon; Andrew C. Hayward; Ellen B. Fragaszy; Flu Watch Group

doi:10.12688/WELLCOMEOPENRES.15812.1

Seasonality and immunity to laboratory-confirmed seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E): results from the Flu Watch cohort study [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]

Robert W. Aldridge, Dan Lewer, Sarah Beale, Anne M. Johnson, Maria Zambon, Andrew C. Hayward^*, Ellen B. Fragaszy, Flu Watch Group

^*Corresponding author for this work

NIS: Divisional Office

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: There is currently a pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The intensity and duration of this first wave in the UK may be dependent on whether SARS-CoV-2 transmits more effectively in the winter than the summer and the UK Government response is partially built upon the assumption that those infected will develop immunity to reinfection in the short term. In this paper we examine evidence for seasonality and immunity to laboratoryconfirmed seasonal coronavirus (HCoV) from a prospective cohort study in England. Methods: In this analysis of the Flu Watch cohort, we examine seasonal trends for PCR-confirmed coronavirus infections (HCoVNL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E) in all participants during winter seasons (2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009) and during the first wave of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic (May-Sep 2009). We also included data from the pandemic and ‘post-pandemic’ winter seasons (2009-2010 and 2010-2011) to identify individuals with two confirmed HCoV infections and examine evidence for immunity against homologous reinfection. Results: We tested 1,104 swabs taken during respiratory illness and detected HCoV in 199 during the first four seasons. The rate of confirmed HCoV infection across all seasons was 390 (95% CI 338-448)

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1-17
Number of pages	17
Journal	Wellcome Open Research
Volume	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.12688/WELLCOMEOPENRES.15812.1
Publication status	Published - 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Grant information: This study was supported by the Wellcome Trust through a Wellcome Clinical Research Career Development Fellowship to RA [206602] and funding to The Flu Watch Study. The Flu Watch study received funding from the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the Wellcome Trust [G0600511, G0800767 and MC_U122785833]. S.B. is supported by an MRC doctoral studentship [MR/N013867/1]. DL is funded by the National Institute for Health Research [DRF-2018-11-ST2-016]. This paper presents independent research. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020. Aldridge RW et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Keywords

epidemiology
HCoV-229E
HCoV-NL63
HCoV-OC43
pandemic
public health
SARS-CoV-2

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Aldridge, R. W., Lewer, D., Beale, S., Johnson, A. M., Zambon, M., Hayward, A. C., Fragaszy, E. B., & Group, F. W. (2020). Seasonality and immunity to laboratory-confirmed seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E): results from the Flu Watch cohort study [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. Wellcome Open Research, 5, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.12688/WELLCOMEOPENRES.15812.1

Aldridge, Robert W. ; Lewer, Dan ; Beale, Sarah ; Johnson, Anne M. ; Zambon, Maria ; Hayward, Andrew C. ; Fragaszy, Ellen B. ; Group, Flu Watch. / Seasonality and immunity to laboratory-confirmed seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E) : results from the Flu Watch cohort study [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. In: Wellcome Open Research. 2020 ; Vol. 5. pp. 1-17.

@article{5378e6e1ebc747cf8a3320a9b8efaaf6,

title = "Seasonality and immunity to laboratory-confirmed seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E): results from the Flu Watch cohort study [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]",

abstract = "Background: There is currently a pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The intensity and duration of this first wave in the UK may be dependent on whether SARS-CoV-2 transmits more effectively in the winter than the summer and the UK Government response is partially built upon the assumption that those infected will develop immunity to reinfection in the short term. In this paper we examine evidence for seasonality and immunity to laboratoryconfirmed seasonal coronavirus (HCoV) from a prospective cohort study in England. Methods: In this analysis of the Flu Watch cohort, we examine seasonal trends for PCR-confirmed coronavirus infections (HCoVNL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E) in all participants during winter seasons (2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009) and during the first wave of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic (May-Sep 2009). We also included data from the pandemic and {\textquoteleft}post-pandemic{\textquoteright} winter seasons (2009-2010 and 2010-2011) to identify individuals with two confirmed HCoV infections and examine evidence for immunity against homologous reinfection. Results: We tested 1,104 swabs taken during respiratory illness and detected HCoV in 199 during the first four seasons. The rate of confirmed HCoV infection across all seasons was 390 (95% CI 338-448)",

keywords = "epidemiology, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, pandemic, public health, SARS-CoV-2",

author = "Aldridge, {Robert W.} and Dan Lewer and Sarah Beale and Johnson, {Anne M.} and Maria Zambon and Hayward, {Andrew C.} and Fragaszy, {Ellen B.} and Group, {Flu Watch}",

note = "Funding Information: Grant information: This study was supported by the Wellcome Trust through a Wellcome Clinical Research Career Development Fellowship to RA [206602] and funding to The Flu Watch Study. The Flu Watch study received funding from the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the Wellcome Trust [G0600511, G0800767 and MC_U122785833]. S.B. is supported by an MRC doctoral studentship [MR/N013867/1]. DL is funded by the National Institute for Health Research [DRF-2018-11-ST2-016]. This paper presents independent research. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020. Aldridge RW et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.",

year = "2020",

doi = "10.12688/WELLCOMEOPENRES.15812.1",

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Aldridge, RW, Lewer, D, Beale, S, Johnson, AM, Zambon, M, Hayward, AC, Fragaszy, EB & Group, FW 2020, 'Seasonality and immunity to laboratory-confirmed seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E): results from the Flu Watch cohort study [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]', Wellcome Open Research, vol. 5, pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.12688/WELLCOMEOPENRES.15812.1

Seasonality and immunity to laboratory-confirmed seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E) : results from the Flu Watch cohort study [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. / Aldridge, Robert W.; Lewer, Dan; Beale, Sarah; Johnson, Anne M.; Zambon, Maria; Hayward, Andrew C.; Fragaszy, Ellen B.; Group, Flu Watch.

In: Wellcome Open Research, Vol. 5, 2020, p. 1-17.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Seasonality and immunity to laboratory-confirmed seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E)

T2 - results from the Flu Watch cohort study [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]

AU - Aldridge, Robert W.

AU - Lewer, Dan

AU - Beale, Sarah

AU - Johnson, Anne M.

AU - Zambon, Maria

AU - Hayward, Andrew C.

AU - Fragaszy, Ellen B.

AU - Group, Flu Watch

N1 - Funding Information: Grant information: This study was supported by the Wellcome Trust through a Wellcome Clinical Research Career Development Fellowship to RA [206602] and funding to The Flu Watch Study. The Flu Watch study received funding from the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the Wellcome Trust [G0600511, G0800767 and MC_U122785833]. S.B. is supported by an MRC doctoral studentship [MR/N013867/1]. DL is funded by the National Institute for Health Research [DRF-2018-11-ST2-016]. This paper presents independent research. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. Publisher Copyright: © 2020. Aldridge RW et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Background: There is currently a pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The intensity and duration of this first wave in the UK may be dependent on whether SARS-CoV-2 transmits more effectively in the winter than the summer and the UK Government response is partially built upon the assumption that those infected will develop immunity to reinfection in the short term. In this paper we examine evidence for seasonality and immunity to laboratoryconfirmed seasonal coronavirus (HCoV) from a prospective cohort study in England. Methods: In this analysis of the Flu Watch cohort, we examine seasonal trends for PCR-confirmed coronavirus infections (HCoVNL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E) in all participants during winter seasons (2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009) and during the first wave of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic (May-Sep 2009). We also included data from the pandemic and ‘post-pandemic’ winter seasons (2009-2010 and 2010-2011) to identify individuals with two confirmed HCoV infections and examine evidence for immunity against homologous reinfection. Results: We tested 1,104 swabs taken during respiratory illness and detected HCoV in 199 during the first four seasons. The rate of confirmed HCoV infection across all seasons was 390 (95% CI 338-448)

AB - Background: There is currently a pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The intensity and duration of this first wave in the UK may be dependent on whether SARS-CoV-2 transmits more effectively in the winter than the summer and the UK Government response is partially built upon the assumption that those infected will develop immunity to reinfection in the short term. In this paper we examine evidence for seasonality and immunity to laboratoryconfirmed seasonal coronavirus (HCoV) from a prospective cohort study in England. Methods: In this analysis of the Flu Watch cohort, we examine seasonal trends for PCR-confirmed coronavirus infections (HCoVNL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E) in all participants during winter seasons (2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009) and during the first wave of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic (May-Sep 2009). We also included data from the pandemic and ‘post-pandemic’ winter seasons (2009-2010 and 2010-2011) to identify individuals with two confirmed HCoV infections and examine evidence for immunity against homologous reinfection. Results: We tested 1,104 swabs taken during respiratory illness and detected HCoV in 199 during the first four seasons. The rate of confirmed HCoV infection across all seasons was 390 (95% CI 338-448)

KW - epidemiology

KW - HCoV-229E

KW - HCoV-NL63

KW - HCoV-OC43

KW - pandemic

KW - public health

KW - SARS-CoV-2

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U2 - 10.12688/WELLCOMEOPENRES.15812.1

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JO - Wellcome Open Research

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SN - 2398-502X

ER -

Seasonality and immunity to laboratory-confirmed seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E): results from the Flu Watch cohort study [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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