Abstract
2018/19 was the first season of introduction in England of a newly licensed adjuvanted influenza vaccine (aTIV) for adults 65 years or older, who were previously offered standard-dose, non-adjuvanted vaccine, achieving uptake levels >70%, often with poor effectiveness. This paper presents the end-of-season adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) against laboratory confirmed influenza hospitalisation in this population. A frequency-matched test negative case control approach was used to estimate aVE by influenza A subtype and vaccine type. Cases were influenza confirmed hospitalisations and controls influenza negative hospitalisations who were 65 years or more. Cases and controls were selected from a sentinel laboratory surveillance system which collates details of inpatients and outpatients routinely tested on clinical advice for influenza infection with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory samples. Vaccine and clinical history was obtained from the general practitioners of study participants. A total of 428 cases and 1013 controls were included in the analysis. End-of-season any-influenza aVE against hospitalisation was 53.4% (95% CI: 39.9, 63.9). By influenza A subtype, aVE was 64.8% (95% CI: 49.6, 75.3) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and 39.3% (95% CI: 6.5, 60.6) against influenza A(H3N2). There was insufficient data to estimate influenza B VE. aVE estimates for all influenza, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza A(H3N2) for aTIV were 53.8% (39.8, 64.5); 65.9% (50.6, 76.4) and 39.5% (4.8, 61.5) respectively. We provide evidence of significant influenza VE in the elderly, most notably against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, but also against A(H3N2) for aTIV.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 173-179 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Vaccine |
Volume | 38 |
Issue number | 2 |
Early online date | 22 Oct 2019 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 10 Jan 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: [MD received lecturing fee from Sanofi Pasteur MSD; SpeeDx provided partial financial support for an educational meeting and UK Clinical Virology Network (UK CVN) which he chairs is a registered charity which includes a number of commercial partners. No other co-authors had conflicts to declare].
Open Access: No Open Access licence
Publisher Copyright: Crown Copyright © 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation: Richard Pebody, Heather Whitaker, Hongxin Zhao, Nick Andrews, Joanna Ellis, Matthew Donati, Maria Zambon, Protection provided by influenza vaccine against influenza-related hospitalisation in ≥65 year olds: Early experience of introduction of a newly licensed adjuvanted vaccine in England in 2018/19, Vaccine, Volume 38, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 173-179, ISSN 0264-410X,
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.032.
Keywords
- Adjuvanted vaccine
- Effectiveness
- Elderly
- Influenza