Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine rollout has coincided with the spread of variants of concern. We investigated whether single-dose vaccination, with or without prior infection, confers cross-protective immunity to variants. We analyzed T and B cell responses after first-dose vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech messenger RNA vaccine BNT162b2 in health care workers (HCW) followed longitudinally, with or without prior Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 infection. After one dose, individuals with prior infection showed enhanced T cell immunity, antibody-secreting memory B cell response to the spike protein, and neutralizing antibodies effective against variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. By comparison, HCW receiving one vaccine dose without prior infection showed reduced immunity against variants. B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 spike mutations resulted in increased, abrogated, or unchanged T cell responses, depending on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms. Single-dose vaccination with BNT162b2 in the context of prior infection with a heterologous variant substantially enhances neutralizing antibody responses against variants.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1418-1423 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Science |
| Volume | 372 |
| Issue number | 6549 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 25 Jun 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The COVIDsortium is supported by funding donated by individuals, charitable trusts, and corporations, including Goldman Sachs, Citadel, and Citadel Securities, the Guy Foundation, GW Pharmaceuticals, Kusuma Trust, and Jagclif Charitable Trust, and enabled by Barts Charity with support from UCLH Charity. Wider support is acknowledged on the COVIDsortium website (https://covid-consortium.com/). Institutional support from Barts Health NHS Trust and Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust facilitated study processes, in partnership with University College London and Queen Mary University of London. R.B. and D.M.A. are supported by MRC (MR/S019553/1, MR/R02622X/1, and MR/V036939/1), NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC):ITMAT, Cystic Fibrosis Trust SRC (2019SRC015), and Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network (ITN) European Training Network (860325). ?.M. is supported by Rosetrees Trust, the John Black Charitable Foundation, and Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital Trust. J.C.M., C.M., and T.A.T. are directly and indirectly supported by the University College London Hospitals (UCLH) and Barts NIHR Biomedical Research Centres and through a British Heart Foundation (BHF) Accelerator Award (AA/18/6/34223). T.A.T. is funded by a BHF Intermediate Research Fellowship (FS/19/35/34374). M.N. is supported by the Wellcome Trust (207511/Z/17/Z) and by NIHR Biomedical Research Funding to UCL and UCLH. M.K.M. is supported by UKRI/NIHR UK-CIC, a Wellcome Trust Investigator Award (214191/Z/18/Z), and a CRUK Immunology grant (26603). A.M.V., ?.M., C.M., and J.C.M. were supported by UKRI/MRC COVID-19 Rapid response grant COV0331 MR/V027883/1. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report.
R.B. and D.M.A. are members of the Global T cell Expert Consortium and have consulted for Oxford Immunotec outside the submitted work.
Open Access: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Publisher Copyright:Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
Citation: Reynolds, Catherine J., et al. "Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection rescues B and T cell responses to variants after first vaccine dose." Science (2021).
DOI: 10.1126/science.abh1282
