Preventive Oncology International: A brief history of HPV self-collected vaginal specimens for cervical cancer screening

Since 1998, Preventive Oncology International, Inc. (POI) has been at the forefront of studying human papillomavirus (HPV) self-collection for cervical cancer screening, with a significant focus in China. Through multiple clinical trials over the past 25 years, POI has explored various aspects related to self-collection methodologies. In 2004–2006, POI established that self-collection could be equivalent to direct endocervical samples. Subsequently, a large randomized trial involving 10,000 patients in 2010 further confirmed that self-collected vaginal specimens, tested for high-risk HPV (hrHPV) using a PCR-based assay with high analytic sensitivity, could effectively replace endocervical specimens with minimal loss of sensitivity and a slight decrease in specificity. Throughout the years, POI's research has encompassed several crucial topics, including patient acceptance, the development of new cost-effective, simpler, and faster assays, exploring different collection devices, devising efficient methods of specimen transport, and implementing population-based screening systems. The findings strongly support the integration of self-collection methodologies into cervical cancer control programs worldwide, particularly in medically underserved regions. As HPV self-collection continues to evolve, ongoing research and innovations are expected to play a pivotal role in achieving the global mission of combating cervical cancer.