Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases With Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in England: Longitudinal Analysis and Cross-Sectional Comparison With Controls

Frank G. Sandmann; Elise Tessier; Joanne Lacy; Meaghan Kall; Edwin Van Leeuwen; Andre Charlett; Rosalind M. Eggo; Gavin Dabrera; W. John Edmunds; Mary Ramsay; Helen Campbell; Gayatri Amirthalingam; Mark Jit

doi:10.1093/cid/ciac151

Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases With Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in England: Longitudinal Analysis and Cross-Sectional Comparison With Controls

Frank G. Sandmann^*, Elise Tessier, Joanne Lacy, Meaghan Kall, Edwin Van Leeuwen, Andre Charlett, Rosalind M. Eggo, Gavin Dabrera, W. John Edmunds, Mary Ramsay, Helen Campbell, Gayatri Amirthalingam, Mark Jit

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Background: We aimed to quantify the unknown losses in health-related quality of life of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases using quality-adjusted lifedays (QALDs) and the recommended EQ-5D instrument in England. Methods: Prospective cohort study of nonhospitalized, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-positive (SARS-CoV-2-positive) cases aged 12-85 years and followed up for 6 months from 1 December 2020, with cross-sectional comparison to SARS-CoV-2-negative controls. Main outcomes were QALD losses; physical symptoms; and COVID-19-related private expenditures. We analyzed results using multivariable regressions with post hoc weighting by age and sex, and conditional logistic regressions for the association of each symptom and EQ-5D limitation on cases and controls. Results: Of 548 cases (mean age 41.1 years; 61.5% female), 16.8% reported physical symptoms at month 6 (most frequently extreme tiredness, headache, loss of taste and/or smell, and shortness of breath). Cases reported more limitations with doing usual activities than controls. Almost half of cases spent a mean of £18.1 on nonprescription drugs (median: £10.0), and 52.7% missed work or school for a mean of 12 days (median: 10). On average, all cases lost 13.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.7, 17.7) QALDs, whereas those reporting symptoms at month 6 lost 32.9 (95% CI: 24.5, 37.6) QALDs. Losses also increased with older age. Cumulatively, the health loss from morbidity contributes at least 18% of the total COVID-19-related disease burden in the England. Conclusions: One in 6 cases report ongoing symptoms at 6 months, and 10% report prolonged loss of function compared to pre-COVID-19 baselines. A marked health burden was observed among older COVID-19 cases and those with persistent physical symptoms.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	E962-E973
Journal	Clinical Infectious Diseases
Volume	75
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac151
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2022
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Crown copyright.

Keywords

19
2
COVID
CoV
QALYs
SARS
health
long COVID
related quality of life

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Sandmann, F. G., Tessier, E., Lacy, J., Kall, M., Van Leeuwen, E., Charlett, A., Eggo, R. M., Dabrera, G., Edmunds, W. J., Ramsay, M., Campbell, H., Amirthalingam, G., & Jit, M. (2022). Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases With Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in England: Longitudinal Analysis and Cross-Sectional Comparison With Controls. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 75(1), E962-E973. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac151

Sandmann, Frank G. ; Tessier, Elise ; Lacy, Joanne et al. / Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases With Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in England : Longitudinal Analysis and Cross-Sectional Comparison With Controls. In: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2022 ; Vol. 75, No. 1. pp. E962-E973.

@article{cb9080c3af024602ad7dd9c0e4f67381,

title = "Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases With Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in England: Longitudinal Analysis and Cross-Sectional Comparison With Controls",

abstract = "Background: We aimed to quantify the unknown losses in health-related quality of life of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases using quality-adjusted lifedays (QALDs) and the recommended EQ-5D instrument in England. Methods: Prospective cohort study of nonhospitalized, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-positive (SARS-CoV-2-positive) cases aged 12-85 years and followed up for 6 months from 1 December 2020, with cross-sectional comparison to SARS-CoV-2-negative controls. Main outcomes were QALD losses; physical symptoms; and COVID-19-related private expenditures. We analyzed results using multivariable regressions with post hoc weighting by age and sex, and conditional logistic regressions for the association of each symptom and EQ-5D limitation on cases and controls. Results: Of 548 cases (mean age 41.1 years; 61.5% female), 16.8% reported physical symptoms at month 6 (most frequently extreme tiredness, headache, loss of taste and/or smell, and shortness of breath). Cases reported more limitations with doing usual activities than controls. Almost half of cases spent a mean of £18.1 on nonprescription drugs (median: £10.0), and 52.7% missed work or school for a mean of 12 days (median: 10). On average, all cases lost 13.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.7, 17.7) QALDs, whereas those reporting symptoms at month 6 lost 32.9 (95% CI: 24.5, 37.6) QALDs. Losses also increased with older age. Cumulatively, the health loss from morbidity contributes at least 18% of the total COVID-19-related disease burden in the England. Conclusions: One in 6 cases report ongoing symptoms at 6 months, and 10% report prolonged loss of function compared to pre-COVID-19 baselines. A marked health burden was observed among older COVID-19 cases and those with persistent physical symptoms.",

keywords = "19, 2, COVID, CoV, QALYs, SARS, health, long COVID, related quality of life",

author = "Sandmann, {Frank G.} and Elise Tessier and Joanne Lacy and Meaghan Kall and {Van Leeuwen}, Edwin and Andre Charlett and Eggo, {Rosalind M.} and Gavin Dabrera and Edmunds, {W. John} and Mary Ramsay and Helen Campbell and Gayatri Amirthalingam and Mark Jit",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Crown copyright.",

year = "2022",

month = jul,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/cid/ciac151",

language = "English",

volume = "75",

pages = "E962--E973",

journal = "Clinical Infectious Diseases",

issn = "1058-4838",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "1",

}

Sandmann, FG, Tessier, E, Lacy, J, Kall, M , Van Leeuwen, E , Charlett, A, Eggo, RM, Dabrera, G, Edmunds, WJ, Ramsay, M , Campbell, H , Amirthalingam, G & Jit, M 2022, 'Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases With Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in England: Longitudinal Analysis and Cross-Sectional Comparison With Controls', Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. E962-E973. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac151

Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases With Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in England: Longitudinal Analysis and Cross-Sectional Comparison With Controls. / Sandmann, Frank G.; Tessier, Elise; Lacy, Joanne et al.
In: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 75, No. 1, 01.07.2022, p. E962-E973.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases With Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in England

T2 - Longitudinal Analysis and Cross-Sectional Comparison With Controls

AU - Sandmann, Frank G.

AU - Tessier, Elise

AU - Lacy, Joanne

AU - Kall, Meaghan

AU - Van Leeuwen, Edwin

AU - Charlett, Andre

AU - Eggo, Rosalind M.

AU - Dabrera, Gavin

AU - Edmunds, W. John

AU - Ramsay, Mary

AU - Campbell, Helen

AU - Amirthalingam, Gayatri

AU - Jit, Mark

PY - 2022/7/1

Y1 - 2022/7/1

N2 - Background: We aimed to quantify the unknown losses in health-related quality of life of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases using quality-adjusted lifedays (QALDs) and the recommended EQ-5D instrument in England. Methods: Prospective cohort study of nonhospitalized, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-positive (SARS-CoV-2-positive) cases aged 12-85 years and followed up for 6 months from 1 December 2020, with cross-sectional comparison to SARS-CoV-2-negative controls. Main outcomes were QALD losses; physical symptoms; and COVID-19-related private expenditures. We analyzed results using multivariable regressions with post hoc weighting by age and sex, and conditional logistic regressions for the association of each symptom and EQ-5D limitation on cases and controls. Results: Of 548 cases (mean age 41.1 years; 61.5% female), 16.8% reported physical symptoms at month 6 (most frequently extreme tiredness, headache, loss of taste and/or smell, and shortness of breath). Cases reported more limitations with doing usual activities than controls. Almost half of cases spent a mean of £18.1 on nonprescription drugs (median: £10.0), and 52.7% missed work or school for a mean of 12 days (median: 10). On average, all cases lost 13.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.7, 17.7) QALDs, whereas those reporting symptoms at month 6 lost 32.9 (95% CI: 24.5, 37.6) QALDs. Losses also increased with older age. Cumulatively, the health loss from morbidity contributes at least 18% of the total COVID-19-related disease burden in the England. Conclusions: One in 6 cases report ongoing symptoms at 6 months, and 10% report prolonged loss of function compared to pre-COVID-19 baselines. A marked health burden was observed among older COVID-19 cases and those with persistent physical symptoms.

AB - Background: We aimed to quantify the unknown losses in health-related quality of life of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases using quality-adjusted lifedays (QALDs) and the recommended EQ-5D instrument in England. Methods: Prospective cohort study of nonhospitalized, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-positive (SARS-CoV-2-positive) cases aged 12-85 years and followed up for 6 months from 1 December 2020, with cross-sectional comparison to SARS-CoV-2-negative controls. Main outcomes were QALD losses; physical symptoms; and COVID-19-related private expenditures. We analyzed results using multivariable regressions with post hoc weighting by age and sex, and conditional logistic regressions for the association of each symptom and EQ-5D limitation on cases and controls. Results: Of 548 cases (mean age 41.1 years; 61.5% female), 16.8% reported physical symptoms at month 6 (most frequently extreme tiredness, headache, loss of taste and/or smell, and shortness of breath). Cases reported more limitations with doing usual activities than controls. Almost half of cases spent a mean of £18.1 on nonprescription drugs (median: £10.0), and 52.7% missed work or school for a mean of 12 days (median: 10). On average, all cases lost 13.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.7, 17.7) QALDs, whereas those reporting symptoms at month 6 lost 32.9 (95% CI: 24.5, 37.6) QALDs. Losses also increased with older age. Cumulatively, the health loss from morbidity contributes at least 18% of the total COVID-19-related disease burden in the England. Conclusions: One in 6 cases report ongoing symptoms at 6 months, and 10% report prolonged loss of function compared to pre-COVID-19 baselines. A marked health burden was observed among older COVID-19 cases and those with persistent physical symptoms.

KW - 19

KW - 2

KW - COVID

KW - CoV

KW - QALYs

KW - SARS

KW - health

KW - long COVID

KW - related quality of life

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138727206&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/cid/ciac151

DO - 10.1093/cid/ciac151

M3 - Article

C2 - 35245941

AN - SCOPUS:85138727206

SN - 1058-4838

VL - 75

SP - E962-E973

JO - Clinical Infectious Diseases

JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases

IS - 1

ER -

Sandmann FG, Tessier E, Lacy J, Kall M , Van Leeuwen E , Charlett A et al. Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases With Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in England: Longitudinal Analysis and Cross-Sectional Comparison With Controls. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2022 Jul 1;75(1):E962-E973. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac151

Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases With Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in England: Longitudinal Analysis and Cross-Sectional Comparison With Controls

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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