Large outbreak of isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis in London, 1995 to 2006:Case-control study and recommendations

Helen Maguire*, S. Brailsford, J. Carless, M. Yates, L. Altass, S. Yates, S. Anaraki, Andre Charlett, S. Lozewicz, M. Lipman, G. Bothamley

*Corresponding author for this work

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33 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We conducted a case-control study to examine risk factors for isoniazid-monoresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an ongoing outbreak in London. Cases were defined as individuals with an isoniazid-monore- sistant strain diagnosed from 1995 to the third quarter of 2006 with an indistinguishable restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) or mycobacterial inter- spersed repetitive unit (MIRU)-variable number tan- dem repeats (VNTR) pattern who were resident in or had epidemiological links with London. Controls were all other individuals reported with tuberculosis to the Health Protection Agency London regional epidemiol- ogy unit or the HPA London TB Register during 2000 to 2005. Of 293 cases, 153 (52%) were sputum smear- positive compared with 3,266 (18%) of controls. Cases were more likely to be young adults (aged between 15 and 34 years), born in the United Kingdom (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.7-3.4) and of white (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.8- 4.8) or black Caribbean (OR: 12.5; 95% CI: 7.7-20.4) ethnicity, a prisoner at the time of diagnosis (OR: 20.2; 95% CI: 6.7-60.6), unemployed (OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 3.0- 5.6), or a drug dealer or sex worker (OR: 187.1; 95% CI: 28.4-1,232.3). A total of 113 (39%) of cases used drugs and 54 (18%) were homeless. Completion of treatment gradually improved in cases from 55% among those diagnosed up to the end of 2002 compared with 65% by the end of 2006. Treatment completion increased from 79% to 83% in controls from 2000 to 2005. There are complex social challenges facing many cases in this outbreak that need to be addressed if medical interventions are to be successful.

Original languageEnglish
JournalEurosurveillance
Volume16
Issue number13
Publication statusPublished - 31 Mar 2011

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