TY - JOUR
T1 - Laboratory evaluation of ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assay in response to emergence of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype IV in Australia
AU - Kinsella, Paul
AU - Moso, Michael
AU - Martin, Genevieve
AU - Karapangiotidis, Theo
AU - Karamalakis, Di
AU - Nicholson, Suellen
AU - Batty, Mitch
AU - Jackson, Kathy
AU - Marsland, Madeleine
AU - Thompson, Tilda
AU - Manoharan, Lakshmi
AU - O'brien, Helen
AU - Friedman, Deborah
AU - Bond, Katherine
AU - Williamson, Deborah A.
AU - Lim, Chuan Kok
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s)
PY - 2023/11
Y1 - 2023/11
N2 - The unexpected recent emergence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype IV in multiple southern states of Australia necessitated an evaluation of JEV serological tests suitable for diagnosing acute infection and for seroprevalence studies. This study examined the analytical and clinical performance of two high-throughput JEV assays, Euroimmun immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Euroimmun enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), across four cohorts; (1) surveillance of piggery workers in outbreak areas, (2) surveillance of residents in outbreak areas, (3) acute JEV infection and (4) post-JEV vaccination. ELISA and IFA IgM demonstrated minimal cross-reactivity (0–1.8%) with other endemic flaviviruses, with high sensitivity (100%) for acute JEV infection in this low endemicity setting. Differences in IgG serodynamics between the two assays suggest convalescent and paired testing with IgM are critical in diagnosing acute infection. High assay concordance was observed between ELISA and IFA when used in serosurveillance (97.4% agreement, Cohen’ κ 0.74 [95% CI 0.614–0.860]) and vaccination cohorts (91.1% agreement, Cohen's κ 0.806 [95% CI 0.672–0.941]). In conclusion, this study highlights the clinical & epidemiological applications and limitations of these two commercial JEV assays.
AB - The unexpected recent emergence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype IV in multiple southern states of Australia necessitated an evaluation of JEV serological tests suitable for diagnosing acute infection and for seroprevalence studies. This study examined the analytical and clinical performance of two high-throughput JEV assays, Euroimmun immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Euroimmun enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), across four cohorts; (1) surveillance of piggery workers in outbreak areas, (2) surveillance of residents in outbreak areas, (3) acute JEV infection and (4) post-JEV vaccination. ELISA and IFA IgM demonstrated minimal cross-reactivity (0–1.8%) with other endemic flaviviruses, with high sensitivity (100%) for acute JEV infection in this low endemicity setting. Differences in IgG serodynamics between the two assays suggest convalescent and paired testing with IgM are critical in diagnosing acute infection. High assay concordance was observed between ELISA and IFA when used in serosurveillance (97.4% agreement, Cohen’ κ 0.74 [95% CI 0.614–0.860]) and vaccination cohorts (91.1% agreement, Cohen's κ 0.806 [95% CI 0.672–0.941]). In conclusion, this study highlights the clinical & epidemiological applications and limitations of these two commercial JEV assays.
KW - ELISA
KW - Flavivirus
KW - Immunofluorescence
KW - Japanese encephalitis virus
KW - Serology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85171422371&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105580
DO - 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105580
M3 - Article
C2 - 37717487
AN - SCOPUS:85171422371
SN - 1386-6532
VL - 168
JO - Journal of Clinical Virology
JF - Journal of Clinical Virology
M1 - 105580
ER -