TY - JOUR
T1 - Household air pollution following replacement of traditional open fire with an improved rocket type cookstove
AU - Ochieng, Caroline
AU - Vardoulakis, Sotiris
AU - Tonne, Cathryn
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016
PY - 2017/2/15
Y1 - 2017/2/15
N2 - Cooking with biomass fuel is an important source of household air pollution (HAP) in developing countries, and a leading risk factor for ill-health. Although various designs of “improved cookstoves” (ICS) have been promoted as HAP interventions in these settings, few of them have undergone in-field evaluation, partly due to the challenge of conducting field measurements in remote settings. In this study we assessed the change in carbon monoxide (CO) exposure following the replacement of the traditional three-stone stove with a popular ICS in 49 homes in Western Kenya. We also assessed the suitability of using kitchen CO as a proxy for kitchen PM2.5. Reduction in 48 h mean kitchen CO was 3.1 ppm (95% CI: − 8.1, 1.8) and in personal CO was 0.9 ppm (95% CI: − 4.3, 2.6) following stove replacements. Overall, 48-h kitchen and personal CO exposures were lower after stove replacement (28% and 12%, respectively) but with wide confidence intervals that also suggested possible increases in exposure. There were statistically significant reductions in peak kitchen and personal CO concentrations represented by the 8-h 95th percentile: reductions of 26.1 ppm (95% CI: − 44.6, − 7.6) and 8.0 ppm (95% CI: − 12.2, − 3.8), respectively. This is equivalent to 53% reduction in kitchen CO and 39% reduction in personal CO. We found good correlation between kitchen CO and PM2.5 concentrations overall (r = 0.73, n = 33 over averaging periods approximating 1 day), which varied by time of day and exposure setting. These variations limit the applicability of CO as a proxy measure for PM2.5 concentrations. A combination of interventions, including better designed stoves, improved ventilation and cleaner fuels, may be needed to reduce HAP to levels that are likely to improve health.
AB - Cooking with biomass fuel is an important source of household air pollution (HAP) in developing countries, and a leading risk factor for ill-health. Although various designs of “improved cookstoves” (ICS) have been promoted as HAP interventions in these settings, few of them have undergone in-field evaluation, partly due to the challenge of conducting field measurements in remote settings. In this study we assessed the change in carbon monoxide (CO) exposure following the replacement of the traditional three-stone stove with a popular ICS in 49 homes in Western Kenya. We also assessed the suitability of using kitchen CO as a proxy for kitchen PM2.5. Reduction in 48 h mean kitchen CO was 3.1 ppm (95% CI: − 8.1, 1.8) and in personal CO was 0.9 ppm (95% CI: − 4.3, 2.6) following stove replacements. Overall, 48-h kitchen and personal CO exposures were lower after stove replacement (28% and 12%, respectively) but with wide confidence intervals that also suggested possible increases in exposure. There were statistically significant reductions in peak kitchen and personal CO concentrations represented by the 8-h 95th percentile: reductions of 26.1 ppm (95% CI: − 44.6, − 7.6) and 8.0 ppm (95% CI: − 12.2, − 3.8), respectively. This is equivalent to 53% reduction in kitchen CO and 39% reduction in personal CO. We found good correlation between kitchen CO and PM2.5 concentrations overall (r = 0.73, n = 33 over averaging periods approximating 1 day), which varied by time of day and exposure setting. These variations limit the applicability of CO as a proxy measure for PM2.5 concentrations. A combination of interventions, including better designed stoves, improved ventilation and cleaner fuels, may be needed to reduce HAP to levels that are likely to improve health.
KW - Biomass fuel use
KW - Carbon monoxide
KW - Household air pollution
KW - Improved cookstoves
KW - Kenya
KW - Particulate matter
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85009354557&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.233
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.233
M3 - Article
C2 - 28040224
AN - SCOPUS:85009354557
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 580
SP - 440
EP - 447
JO - Science of the Total Environment, The
JF - Science of the Total Environment, The
ER -