Abstract
Objectives We aim to study the disease burden, risk factors and severity of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in Hong Kong. Methods We conducted a prospective, case–control study in three acute-care hospitals in Hong Kong. Adult inpatients who developed CDI diarrhoea confirmed by PCR (n = 139) were compared with the non-CDI controls (n = 114). Ribotyping of isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. Results The estimated crude annual incidence of CDI was 23–33/100,000 population, and 133–207/100,000 population among those aged ≥65 years. The mean age of CDI patients was 71.5. Nursing home care, recent hospitalization, antibiotics exposure (adjusted OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3–7.1) and proton-pump inhibitors use (adjusted OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–3.9) were risk factors. Severe CDI occurred in 41.7%. Overall mortality was 16.5% (among severe CDI, 26.5%). The commonest ribotypes were 002 (22.8%), 014 (14.1%), 012 and 046; ribotype 027 was absent. Ribotype 002 was associated with fluoroquinolone resistance and higher mortality (47.6% vs. 12.7%; adjusted HR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1–7.0). Conclusions Our findings show high morbidity and mortality of CDI in the older adults, and identify ribotype 002 as a possible virulent strain causing serious infections in this cohort.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 115-122 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Journal of Infection |
Volume | 73 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Aug 2016 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This project is jointly supported by the Research Fund for the Control of Infectious Diseases ( CU-09-03-04 ), Food and Health Bureau of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government ; and Departmental Research Fund , Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Dr Sunny H. Wong is supported by the Croucher Foundation .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 The British Infection Association
Keywords
- Antibiotics
- Clostridium difficile infection
- Colitis
- Proton-pump inhibitors
- Ribotype