Exploring the relationship between shared identity and interoperability: a mixed methods analysis of discussion-based multi-agency emergency response exercises

Previous research has shown ongoing difficulties between Police, Fire and Rescue, and Ambulance Service responders during multi-agency emergencies. Recently, researchers have used the Social Identity Approach to gain insight into these challenges, offering a psychological framework for understanding relations within and between response organisations. This study builds upon previous work by engaging responders from the emergency services in six discussion-based exercises. By analysing participants’ identity levels and their perceptions of joint working performance, we found a positive association between shared identity and interoperability. Analysis of the discussion transcripts highlighted areas where joint working faced obstacles, such as the use of organisation-specific terminology. Furthermore focus group discussions after the exercise revealed key factors linking shared identity to effective multi-agency response, including increased motivation to collaborate and increased trust and respect. This research deepens our understanding of multi-agency working from a social identity perspective, highlighting the importance of shared identity in enhancing joint efforts. Practical implications are addressed.