Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a cause of both poultry-and egg-associated enterocolitis globally and bloodstream-invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). Distinct, multi-drug resistant genotypes associated with iNTS disease in sSA have recently been described, often requiring treatment with fluoroquinolone antibiotics. In industrialised countries, antimicrobial use in poultry production has led to frequent fluoroquinolone resistance amongst globally prevalent enterocolitis-associated lineages. Methodology/Principal findings Twenty seven S. Enteritidis isolates from patients with iNTS disease and two poultry isolates, collected between 2007 and 2015 in the Ashanti region of Ghana, were whole-genome sequenced. These isolates, notable for a high rate of diminished ciprofloxacin susceptibility (DCS), were placed in the phyletic context of 1,067 sequences from the Public Health England (PHE) S. Enteritidis genome database to understand whether DCS was associated with African or globally-circulating clades of S. Enteritidis. Analysis showed four of the major S. Enteritidis clades were represented, two global and two African. All thirteen DCS isolates, containing a single gyrA mutation at codon 87, belonged to a global PT4-like clade responsible for epidemics of poultry-associated enterocolitis. Apart from two DCS isolates, which clustered with PHE isolates associated with travel to Spain and Brazil, the remaining DCS isolates, including one poultry isolate, belonged to two monophyletic clusters in which gyrA 87 mutations appear to have developed within the region. Conclusions/Significance Extensive phylogenetic diversity is evident amongst iNTS disease-associated S. Enteritidis in Ghana. Antimicrobial resistance profiles differed by clade, highlighting the challenges of devising empirical sepsis guidelines. The detection of fluoroquinolone resistance in phyleti-cally-related poultry and human isolates is of major concern and surveillance and control measures within the region’s burgeoning poultry industry are required to protect a human population at high risk of iNTS disease.
Original language | English |
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Article number | e0007485 |
Journal | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
Volume | 13 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jun 2019 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This material is based upon work supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant number OPPGH5231 to FM) and by grants from the German Center of Infection Research (DZIF; http://www.dzif.de/en/), through the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; grant numbers 8000 201-3 to JMa). The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute is funded through Wellcome Trust Grant 206194. The French National Reference Center for Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Salmonella is co-funded by Sant? Publique France and Institut Pasteur. TJD is affiliated to the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections at University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), in collaboration with University of East Anglia, University of Oxford and the Quadram Institute. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health, Public Health England, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the International Vaccine Institute, the University of Cambridge or other affiliated or funding organisations.