Elemental composition and reflectance of ambient fine particles at 21 European locations

Thomas Götschi; Marianne E. Hazenkamp-Von Arx; Joachim Heinrich; Roberto Bono; Peter Burney; Bertil Forsberg; Deborah Jarvis; Jose Maldonado; Dan Norbäck; Willem B. Stern; Jordi Sunyer; Kjell Torén; Giuseppe Verlato; Simona Villani; Nino Künzli

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.049

Elemental composition and reflectance of ambient fine particles at 21 European locations

Thomas Götschi^*, Marianne E. Hazenkamp-Von Arx, Joachim Heinrich, Roberto Bono, Peter Burney, Bertil Forsberg, Deborah Jarvis, Jose Maldonado, Dan Norbäck, Willem B. Stern, Jordi Sunyer, Kjell Torén, Giuseppe Verlato, Simona Villani, Nino Künzli

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

87 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We sampled fine particles (PM_2.5) over a 1-year period at 21 central urban monitoring sites in 20 cities of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Particle filters were then analysed for elemental composition using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and reflectance (light absorption). Elemental analyses yielded valid results for 15 elements (Al, As, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Pb, S, Si, Ti, V, Zn). Annual and seasonal means of PM_2.5, reflectance, and elements show a wide range across Europe with the lowest levels found in Iceland and up to 80 times higher concentrations in Northern Italy. This pattern holds for most of the air pollution indicators. The mass concentration of S did constitute the largest fraction of the analysed elements of PM_2.5 in all locations. The crustal component varies from less than 10% up to 25% across these cities. Temporal correlations of daily values vary considerably from city to city, depending on the indicators compared. Nevertheless, correlations between estimates of long-term exposure, such as annual means, are generally high among indicators of PM_2.5 from anthropogenic sources, such as S, metals, and reflectance. This highlights the difficulty to disentangle effects of specific sources or PM constituents in future health effect analyses using annual averages.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5947-5958
Number of pages	12
Journal	Atmospheric Environment
Volume	39
Issue number	32
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.049
Publication status	Published - Oct 2005
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work forms part of the ECRHS II project, funded by the European Commission (Quality of Life Programme, Environment and Health Key Action; Project number: QLK4-CT-1999-01237) and by the Swiss Federal Agency for Education and Science (BBW-No. 99.0200). T. Götschi was funded by an EPA STAR Fellowship. N. Künzli, head of the air pollution unit of ECRHS had a Swiss National Science Foundation Advanced Scientist Fellowship (PROSPER 32-048922.96) and is now supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Grant number P30ES07048) and the Hastings Foundation. The Swedish Environment Protection Agency (SNAP Project), the Vlaamse Milieu Maatschappij (Dr. E. Roekens), local authorities and other foundations supported this study with funds and equipment.

Keywords

Air pollution
Elements
Long-term exposure assessment
PM
Reflectance

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.049

Cite this

Götschi, T., Hazenkamp-Von Arx, M. E., Heinrich, J., Bono, R., Burney, P., Forsberg, B., Jarvis, D., Maldonado, J., Norbäck, D., Stern, W. B., Sunyer, J., Torén, K., Verlato, G., Villani, S., & Künzli, N. (2005). Elemental composition and reflectance of ambient fine particles at 21 European locations. Atmospheric Environment, 39(32), 5947-5958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.049

@article{572b64d9a19940fba1e4eb8fd80fe53f,

title = "Elemental composition and reflectance of ambient fine particles at 21 European locations",

abstract = "We sampled fine particles (PM2.5) over a 1-year period at 21 central urban monitoring sites in 20 cities of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Particle filters were then analysed for elemental composition using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and reflectance (light absorption). Elemental analyses yielded valid results for 15 elements (Al, As, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Pb, S, Si, Ti, V, Zn). Annual and seasonal means of PM2.5, reflectance, and elements show a wide range across Europe with the lowest levels found in Iceland and up to 80 times higher concentrations in Northern Italy. This pattern holds for most of the air pollution indicators. The mass concentration of S did constitute the largest fraction of the analysed elements of PM2.5 in all locations. The crustal component varies from less than 10% up to 25% across these cities. Temporal correlations of daily values vary considerably from city to city, depending on the indicators compared. Nevertheless, correlations between estimates of long-term exposure, such as annual means, are generally high among indicators of PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources, such as S, metals, and reflectance. This highlights the difficulty to disentangle effects of specific sources or PM constituents in future health effect analyses using annual averages.",

keywords = "Air pollution, Elements, Long-term exposure assessment, PM, Reflectance",

author = "Thomas G{\"o}tschi and {Hazenkamp-Von Arx}, {Marianne E.} and Joachim Heinrich and Roberto Bono and Peter Burney and Bertil Forsberg and Deborah Jarvis and Jose Maldonado and Dan Norb{\"a}ck and Stern, {Willem B.} and Jordi Sunyer and Kjell Tor{\'e}n and Giuseppe Verlato and Simona Villani and Nino K{\"u}nzli",

note = "Funding Information: This work forms part of the ECRHS II project, funded by the European Commission (Quality of Life Programme, Environment and Health Key Action; Project number: QLK4-CT-1999-01237) and by the Swiss Federal Agency for Education and Science (BBW-No. 99.0200). T. G{\"o}tschi was funded by an EPA STAR Fellowship. N. K{\"u}nzli, head of the air pollution unit of ECRHS had a Swiss National Science Foundation Advanced Scientist Fellowship (PROSPER 32-048922.96) and is now supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Grant number P30ES07048) and the Hastings Foundation. The Swedish Environment Protection Agency (SNAP Project), the Vlaamse Milieu Maatschappij (Dr. E. Roekens), local authorities and other foundations supported this study with funds and equipment. ",

year = "2005",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.049",

language = "English",

volume = "39",

pages = "5947--5958",

journal = "Atmospheric Environment",

issn = "1352-2310",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "32",

}

Götschi, T, Hazenkamp-Von Arx, ME, Heinrich, J, Bono, R, Burney, P, Forsberg, B, Jarvis, D, Maldonado, J, Norbäck, D, Stern, WB, Sunyer, J, Torén, K, Verlato, G, Villani, S & Künzli, N 2005, 'Elemental composition and reflectance of ambient fine particles at 21 European locations', Atmospheric Environment, vol. 39, no. 32, pp. 5947-5958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.049

TY - JOUR

T1 - Elemental composition and reflectance of ambient fine particles at 21 European locations

AU - Götschi, Thomas

AU - Hazenkamp-Von Arx, Marianne E.

AU - Heinrich, Joachim

AU - Bono, Roberto

AU - Burney, Peter

AU - Forsberg, Bertil

AU - Jarvis, Deborah

AU - Maldonado, Jose

AU - Norbäck, Dan

AU - Stern, Willem B.

AU - Sunyer, Jordi

AU - Torén, Kjell

AU - Verlato, Giuseppe

AU - Villani, Simona

AU - Künzli, Nino

N1 - Funding Information: This work forms part of the ECRHS II project, funded by the European Commission (Quality of Life Programme, Environment and Health Key Action; Project number: QLK4-CT-1999-01237) and by the Swiss Federal Agency for Education and Science (BBW-No. 99.0200). T. Götschi was funded by an EPA STAR Fellowship. N. Künzli, head of the air pollution unit of ECRHS had a Swiss National Science Foundation Advanced Scientist Fellowship (PROSPER 32-048922.96) and is now supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Grant number P30ES07048) and the Hastings Foundation. The Swedish Environment Protection Agency (SNAP Project), the Vlaamse Milieu Maatschappij (Dr. E. Roekens), local authorities and other foundations supported this study with funds and equipment.

PY - 2005/10

Y1 - 2005/10

N2 - We sampled fine particles (PM2.5) over a 1-year period at 21 central urban monitoring sites in 20 cities of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Particle filters were then analysed for elemental composition using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and reflectance (light absorption). Elemental analyses yielded valid results for 15 elements (Al, As, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Pb, S, Si, Ti, V, Zn). Annual and seasonal means of PM2.5, reflectance, and elements show a wide range across Europe with the lowest levels found in Iceland and up to 80 times higher concentrations in Northern Italy. This pattern holds for most of the air pollution indicators. The mass concentration of S did constitute the largest fraction of the analysed elements of PM2.5 in all locations. The crustal component varies from less than 10% up to 25% across these cities. Temporal correlations of daily values vary considerably from city to city, depending on the indicators compared. Nevertheless, correlations between estimates of long-term exposure, such as annual means, are generally high among indicators of PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources, such as S, metals, and reflectance. This highlights the difficulty to disentangle effects of specific sources or PM constituents in future health effect analyses using annual averages.

AB - We sampled fine particles (PM2.5) over a 1-year period at 21 central urban monitoring sites in 20 cities of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Particle filters were then analysed for elemental composition using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and reflectance (light absorption). Elemental analyses yielded valid results for 15 elements (Al, As, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Pb, S, Si, Ti, V, Zn). Annual and seasonal means of PM2.5, reflectance, and elements show a wide range across Europe with the lowest levels found in Iceland and up to 80 times higher concentrations in Northern Italy. This pattern holds for most of the air pollution indicators. The mass concentration of S did constitute the largest fraction of the analysed elements of PM2.5 in all locations. The crustal component varies from less than 10% up to 25% across these cities. Temporal correlations of daily values vary considerably from city to city, depending on the indicators compared. Nevertheless, correlations between estimates of long-term exposure, such as annual means, are generally high among indicators of PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources, such as S, metals, and reflectance. This highlights the difficulty to disentangle effects of specific sources or PM constituents in future health effect analyses using annual averages.

KW - Air pollution

KW - Elements

KW - Long-term exposure assessment

KW - PM

KW - Reflectance

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=24644469128&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.049

DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.049

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:24644469128

SN - 1352-2310

VL - 39

SP - 5947

EP - 5958

JO - Atmospheric Environment

JF - Atmospheric Environment

IS - 32

ER -

Elemental composition and reflectance of ambient fine particles at 21 European locations

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this