Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in children in preventing influenza associated hospitalisation, 2018/19, England

Richard Pebody; Hongxin Zhao; Heather Whitaker; Joanna Ellis; M. Donati; Maria Zambon; Nicholas Andrews

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.035

Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in children in preventing influenza associated hospitalisation, 2018/19, England

Richard Pebody^*, Hongxin Zhao, Heather Whitaker, Joanna Ellis, M. Donati, Maria Zambon, Nicholas Andrews

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

2013/14 saw the start of the introduction of a new live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) programme for children in England. 2018/19 saw co-circulation of both A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), when LAIV was offered to all healthy children 2–9 years of age. LAIV effectiveness against influenza hospitalisation is not well described. This paper presents the 2018/19 end-of-season adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) against laboratory confirmed influenza related hospitalisation in children aged 2–17. The test negative case control approach was used to estimate aVE by influenza A subtype and vaccine type. Cases and controls were selected from a sentinel laboratory surveillance system which collates details of individuals tested for influenza with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory samples. Vaccine and clinical history was obtained from general practitioners of study participants. There were 307 hospitalised cases and 679 hospitalised controls. End-of-season influenza aVE was 53.0% (95% CI: 33.3, 66.8) against influenza confirmed hospitalisation; 63.5% (95% CI: 34.4, 79.7) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 hospitalisation and 31.1% (95% CI: −53.9, 69.2) against influenza A(H3N2). LAIV aVE was 49.1% (95% CI: 25.9, 65.0) for any influenza and 70.7% (95% CI: 41.8, 85.3) for A(H1N1)pdm09, whereas for those receiving quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV), aVE was 64.4% (95% CI: 29.4, 82.0) and 44.4% (95% CI: −51.9, 79.6) respectively. We provide evidence of overall significant VE for both LAIV and QIV against influenza associated hospitalisation in children 2–17 years of age, most notably against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, with non-significant protection against A(H3N2).

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	158-164
Number of pages	7
Journal	Vaccine
Volume	38
Issue number	2
Early online date	21 Oct 2019
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.035
Publication status	Published - 10 Jan 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: MD received lecturing fee from Sanofi Pasteur MSD; SpeeDx provided partial financial support for an educational meeting and UK Clinical Virology Network (UK CVN) which he chairs is a registered charity which includes a number of commercial partners. No other co-authors had conflicts to declare.

Open Access: No Open Access licence

Publisher Copyright: Crown Copyright © 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Citation: R.G. Pebody, H. Zhao, H.J. Whitaker, J. Ellis, M. Donati, M. Zambon, N. Andrews, Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in children in preventing influenza associated hospitalisation, 2018/19, England, Vaccine, Volume 38, Issue 2,
2020, Pages 158-164, ISSN 0264-410X,

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.035.

Keywords

Children
Hospitalisation
Influenza vaccine effectiveness
LAIV

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.035

Cite this

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title = "Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in children in preventing influenza associated hospitalisation, 2018/19, England",

abstract = "2013/14 saw the start of the introduction of a new live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) programme for children in England. 2018/19 saw co-circulation of both A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), when LAIV was offered to all healthy children 2–9 years of age. LAIV effectiveness against influenza hospitalisation is not well described. This paper presents the 2018/19 end-of-season adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) against laboratory confirmed influenza related hospitalisation in children aged 2–17. The test negative case control approach was used to estimate aVE by influenza A subtype and vaccine type. Cases and controls were selected from a sentinel laboratory surveillance system which collates details of individuals tested for influenza with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory samples. Vaccine and clinical history was obtained from general practitioners of study participants. There were 307 hospitalised cases and 679 hospitalised controls. End-of-season influenza aVE was 53.0% (95% CI: 33.3, 66.8) against influenza confirmed hospitalisation; 63.5% (95% CI: 34.4, 79.7) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 hospitalisation and 31.1% (95% CI: −53.9, 69.2) against influenza A(H3N2). LAIV aVE was 49.1% (95% CI: 25.9, 65.0) for any influenza and 70.7% (95% CI: 41.8, 85.3) for A(H1N1)pdm09, whereas for those receiving quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV), aVE was 64.4% (95% CI: 29.4, 82.0) and 44.4% (95% CI: −51.9, 79.6) respectively. We provide evidence of overall significant VE for both LAIV and QIV against influenza associated hospitalisation in children 2–17 years of age, most notably against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, with non-significant protection against A(H3N2).",

keywords = "Children, Hospitalisation, Influenza vaccine effectiveness, LAIV",

author = "Richard Pebody and Hongxin Zhao and Heather Whitaker and Joanna Ellis and M. Donati and Maria Zambon and Nicholas Andrews",

note = "Funding Information: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: MD received lecturing fee from Sanofi Pasteur MSD; SpeeDx provided partial financial support for an educational meeting and UK Clinical Virology Network (UK CVN) which he chairs is a registered charity which includes a number of commercial partners. No other co-authors had conflicts to declare. Open Access: No Open Access licence Publisher Copyright: Crown Copyright {\textcopyright} 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Citation: R.G. Pebody, H. Zhao, H.J. Whitaker, J. Ellis, M. Donati, M. Zambon, N. Andrews, Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in children in preventing influenza associated hospitalisation, 2018/19, England, Vaccine, Volume 38, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 158-164, ISSN 0264-410X, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.035.",

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AU - Ellis, Joanna

AU - Donati, M.

AU - Zambon, Maria

AU - Andrews, Nicholas

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N2 - 2013/14 saw the start of the introduction of a new live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) programme for children in England. 2018/19 saw co-circulation of both A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), when LAIV was offered to all healthy children 2–9 years of age. LAIV effectiveness against influenza hospitalisation is not well described. This paper presents the 2018/19 end-of-season adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) against laboratory confirmed influenza related hospitalisation in children aged 2–17. The test negative case control approach was used to estimate aVE by influenza A subtype and vaccine type. Cases and controls were selected from a sentinel laboratory surveillance system which collates details of individuals tested for influenza with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory samples. Vaccine and clinical history was obtained from general practitioners of study participants. There were 307 hospitalised cases and 679 hospitalised controls. End-of-season influenza aVE was 53.0% (95% CI: 33.3, 66.8) against influenza confirmed hospitalisation; 63.5% (95% CI: 34.4, 79.7) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 hospitalisation and 31.1% (95% CI: −53.9, 69.2) against influenza A(H3N2). LAIV aVE was 49.1% (95% CI: 25.9, 65.0) for any influenza and 70.7% (95% CI: 41.8, 85.3) for A(H1N1)pdm09, whereas for those receiving quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV), aVE was 64.4% (95% CI: 29.4, 82.0) and 44.4% (95% CI: −51.9, 79.6) respectively. We provide evidence of overall significant VE for both LAIV and QIV against influenza associated hospitalisation in children 2–17 years of age, most notably against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, with non-significant protection against A(H3N2).

AB - 2013/14 saw the start of the introduction of a new live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) programme for children in England. 2018/19 saw co-circulation of both A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), when LAIV was offered to all healthy children 2–9 years of age. LAIV effectiveness against influenza hospitalisation is not well described. This paper presents the 2018/19 end-of-season adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) against laboratory confirmed influenza related hospitalisation in children aged 2–17. The test negative case control approach was used to estimate aVE by influenza A subtype and vaccine type. Cases and controls were selected from a sentinel laboratory surveillance system which collates details of individuals tested for influenza with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory samples. Vaccine and clinical history was obtained from general practitioners of study participants. There were 307 hospitalised cases and 679 hospitalised controls. End-of-season influenza aVE was 53.0% (95% CI: 33.3, 66.8) against influenza confirmed hospitalisation; 63.5% (95% CI: 34.4, 79.7) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 hospitalisation and 31.1% (95% CI: −53.9, 69.2) against influenza A(H3N2). LAIV aVE was 49.1% (95% CI: 25.9, 65.0) for any influenza and 70.7% (95% CI: 41.8, 85.3) for A(H1N1)pdm09, whereas for those receiving quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV), aVE was 64.4% (95% CI: 29.4, 82.0) and 44.4% (95% CI: −51.9, 79.6) respectively. We provide evidence of overall significant VE for both LAIV and QIV against influenza associated hospitalisation in children 2–17 years of age, most notably against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, with non-significant protection against A(H3N2).

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Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in children in preventing influenza associated hospitalisation, 2018/19, England

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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