Abstract
Background: VRE bacteraemia has a high mortality and continues to defy control. Antibiotic risk factors for VRE bacteraemia have not been adequately defined. We aimed to determine the risk factors for VRE bacteraemia focusing on duration of antibiotic exposure. Methods: A retrospective matched nested case-control study was conducted amongst hospitalized patients at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CUH) from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2012. Cases who developed a first episode of VRE bacteraemia were matched 1:1 to controls by length of stay, year, specialty and ward type. Independent risk factors for VRE bacteraemia were evaluated using conditional logistic regression. Results: Two hundred and thirty-five cases were compared with 220 controls. Duration of exposure to parenteral vancomycin, fluoroquinolones and meropenem was independently associated with VRE bacteraemia. Compared with patients with no exposure to vancomycin, those who received courses of 1-3 days, 4-7 days or.7 days had a stepwise increase in risk of VRE bacteraemia [conditional OR (cOR) 1.2 (95% CI 0.4-3.8), 3.8 (95% CI 1.2-11.7) and 6.6 (95% CI 1.9-22.8), respectively]. Other risk factors were: presence of a central venous catheter (CVC) [cOR 8.7 (95% CI 2.6-29.5)]; neutropenia [cOR 15.5 (95% CI 4.2-57.0)]; hypoalbuminaemia [cOR 8.5 (95% CI 2.4-29.5)]; malignancy [cOR 4.4 (95% CI 1.6-12.0)]; gastrointestinal disease [cOR 12.4 (95% CI 4.2-36.8)]; and hepatobiliary disease [cOR 7.9 (95% CI 2.1-29.9)]. Conclusions: Longer exposure to vancomycin, fluoroquinolones or meropenemwas associated with VRE bacteraemia. Antimicrobial stewardship interventions targeting high-risk antibiotics are required to complement infection control procedures against VRE bacteraemia.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1692-1699 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy |
Volume | 73 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Jun 2018 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:T. G. is a Wellcome Trust Research Training Fellow (grant number: 103387/ Z/13/Z) and has received support from Public Health England. B. W. is an Academic Clinical Fellow supported by the National Institute for Health Research. M. E. T. is a Clinician Scientist Fellow supported by the Academy of Medical Sciences and the Health Foundation and is also supported by the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. This work was also supported by the Health Innovation Challenge Fund (WT098600, HICF-T5–342), a parallel funding partnership between the Department of Health and Wellcome Trust.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.