Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV

Ane Ogbe; Matthew Pace; Mustapha Bittaye; Timothy Tipoe; Sandra Adele; Jasmini Alagaratnam; Parvinder K. Aley; M. Azim Ansari; Anna Bara; Samantha Broadhead; Anthony Brown; Helen Brown; Federica Cappuccini; Paola Cinardo; Wanwisa Dejnirattisai; Katie J. Ewer; Henry Fok; Pedro M. Folegatti; Jamie Fowler; Leila Godfrey; Anna L. Goodman; Bethany Jackson; Daniel Jenkin; Mathew Jones; Stephanie Longet; Rebecca A. Makinson; Natalie G. Marchevsky; Moncy Mathew; Andrea Mazzella; Yama F. Mujadidi; Lucia Parolini; Claire Petersen; Emma Plested; Katrina M. Pollock; Thurkka Rajeswaran; Maheshi N. Ramasamy; Sarah Rhead; Hannah Robinson; Nicola Robinson; Helen Sanders; Sonia Serrano; Tom Tipton; Anele Waters; Panagiota Zacharopoulou; Eleanor Barnes; Susanna Dunachie; Philip Goulder; Paul Klenerman; Gavin R. Screaton; Alan Winston; Adrian V.S. Hill; Sarah C. Gilbert; Miles Carroll; Andrew J. Pollard; Sarah Fidler; Julie Fox; Teresa Lambe; John Frater

doi:10.1172/jci.insight.157031

Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV

Ane Ogbe^*, Matthew Pace, Mustapha Bittaye, Timothy Tipoe, Sandra Adele, Jasmini Alagaratnam, Parvinder K. Aley, M. Azim Ansari, Anna Bara, Samantha Broadhead, Anthony Brown, Helen Brown, Federica Cappuccini, Paola Cinardo, Wanwisa Dejnirattisai, Katie J. Ewer, Henry Fok, Pedro M. Folegatti, Jamie Fowler, Leila GodfreyAnna L. Goodman, Bethany Jackson, Daniel Jenkin, Mathew Jones, Stephanie Longet, Rebecca A. Makinson, Natalie G. Marchevsky, Moncy Mathew, Andrea Mazzella, Yama F. Mujadidi, Lucia Parolini, Claire Petersen, Emma Plested, Katrina M. Pollock, Thurkka Rajeswaran, Maheshi N. Ramasamy, Sarah Rhead, Hannah Robinson, Nicola Robinson, Helen Sanders, Sonia Serrano, Tom Tipton, Anele Waters, Panagiota Zacharopoulou, Eleanor Barnes, Susanna Dunachie, Philip Goulder, Paul Klenerman, Gavin R. Screaton, Alan Winston, Adrian V.S. Hill, Sarah C. Gilbert, Miles Carroll, Andrew J. Pollard, Sarah Fidler, Julie Fox, Teresa Lambe, John Frater

^*Corresponding author for this work

NIS: Research & Development Institute Divisional Office

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Abstract

Duration of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV (PWH) following vaccination is unclear. In a substudy of the phase II/III the COV002 trial (NCT04400838), 54 HIV+ male participants on antiretroviral therapy (undetectable viral loads, CD4(+) T cells > 350 cells/mu L) received 2 doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) 4-6 weeks apart and were followed for 6 months. Responses to vaccination were determined by serology (IgG ELISA and Meso Scale Discovery [MSD]), neutralization, ACE-2 inhibition, IFN-gamma ELISpot, activation-induced marker (AIM) assay and T cell proliferation. We show that, 6 months after vaccination, the majority of measurable immune responses were greater than prevaccination baseline but with evidence of a decline in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. There was, however, no significant difference compared with a cohort of HIV-uninfected individuals vaccinated with the same regimen. Responses to the variants of concern were detectable, although they were lower than WT. Preexisting cross-reactive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike were associated with greater postvaccine immunity and correlated with prior exposure to beta coronaviruses. These data support the ongoing policy to vaccinate PWH against SARS-CoV-2, and they underpin the need for long-term monitoring of responses after vaccination.

Original language	English
Article number	e157031
Number of pages	19
Journal	JCI Insight
Volume	7
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.157031
Publication status	Published - 8 Apr 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information: This Article reports independent research funded by UK Research and Innovation (MC_PC_19055), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R013756/1), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, and NIHR. We acknowledge support from Thames Valley and South Midland’s NIHR Clinical Research Network and the staff and resources of NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and the NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre. PMF received funding from the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Brazil (finance code 001). ALF was supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Science, China (grant 2018-I2M-2–002). MAA is supported by the Wellcome Trust and Royal Society (no. 220171/Z/20/Z). KJE is an NIHR Biomedical Research Centre senior research fellow. AJP and EB are NIHR senior investigators. MC, SL, and T Tipton are funded by a US Food and Drug Administration Medical Countermeasures Initiative grant 75F40120C00085. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR, FDA, or the UK Department of Health and Social Care. We thank the volunteers who participated in this study.

The funders of the study had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. All authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.

Oxford University has entered into a partnership with AstraZeneca for further development of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222). AstraZeneca reviewed the data from the study and the final manuscript before submission, but the authors
retained editorial control. SCG is cofounder of Vaccitech (a collaborator in the early development of this vaccine candidate) and is named as an inventor on a patent covering use of ChAdOx1-vectored vaccines (PCT/GB2012/000467) and a patent application covering this SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. TL is named as an inventor
on a patent application covering this SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and was consultant to Vaccitech. PMF is a consultant to Vaccitech. AJP is Chair of the UK Department of Health and Social Care’s JCVI; however, AJP does not participate in policy advice on
coronavirus vaccines and is a member of the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE). AVSH is a cofounder of and consultant to Vaccitech and is named as an inventor on a patent covering design and use of ChAdOx1-vectored vaccines (PCT/GB2012/000467).

Open Access: This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Publisher Copyright: © 2022, Ogbe et al.

Citation: Ogbe, Ane, et al. "Durability of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination in people living with HIV." JCI insight 7.7 (2022).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.157031

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Cite this

Ogbe, A., Pace, M., Bittaye, M., Tipoe, T., Adele, S., Alagaratnam, J., Aley, P. K., Ansari, M. A., Bara, A., Broadhead, S., Brown, A., Brown, H., Cappuccini, F., Cinardo, P., Dejnirattisai, W., Ewer, K. J., Fok, H., Folegatti, P. M., Fowler, J., ... Frater, J. (2022). Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV. JCI Insight, 7(7), [e157031]. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.157031

@article{2561da15f5b24d9db24ec98ab15f4b9a,

title = "Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV",

abstract = "Duration of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV (PWH) following vaccination is unclear. In a substudy of the phase II/III the COV002 trial (NCT04400838), 54 HIV+ male participants on antiretroviral therapy (undetectable viral loads, CD4(+) T cells > 350 cells/mu L) received 2 doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) 4-6 weeks apart and were followed for 6 months. Responses to vaccination were determined by serology (IgG ELISA and Meso Scale Discovery [MSD]), neutralization, ACE-2 inhibition, IFN-gamma ELISpot, activation-induced marker (AIM) assay and T cell proliferation. We show that, 6 months after vaccination, the majority of measurable immune responses were greater than prevaccination baseline but with evidence of a decline in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. There was, however, no significant difference compared with a cohort of HIV-uninfected individuals vaccinated with the same regimen. Responses to the variants of concern were detectable, although they were lower than WT. Preexisting cross-reactive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike were associated with greater postvaccine immunity and correlated with prior exposure to beta coronaviruses. These data support the ongoing policy to vaccinate PWH against SARS-CoV-2, and they underpin the need for long-term monitoring of responses after vaccination.",

author = "Ane Ogbe and Matthew Pace and Mustapha Bittaye and Timothy Tipoe and Sandra Adele and Jasmini Alagaratnam and Aley, {Parvinder K.} and Ansari, {M. Azim} and Anna Bara and Samantha Broadhead and Anthony Brown and Helen Brown and Federica Cappuccini and Paola Cinardo and Wanwisa Dejnirattisai and Ewer, {Katie J.} and Henry Fok and Folegatti, {Pedro M.} and Jamie Fowler and Leila Godfrey and Goodman, {Anna L.} and Bethany Jackson and Daniel Jenkin and Mathew Jones and Stephanie Longet and Makinson, {Rebecca A.} and Marchevsky, {Natalie G.} and Moncy Mathew and Andrea Mazzella and Mujadidi, {Yama F.} and Lucia Parolini and Claire Petersen and Emma Plested and Pollock, {Katrina M.} and Thurkka Rajeswaran and Ramasamy, {Maheshi N.} and Sarah Rhead and Hannah Robinson and Nicola Robinson and Helen Sanders and Sonia Serrano and Tom Tipton and Anele Waters and Panagiota Zacharopoulou and Eleanor Barnes and Susanna Dunachie and Philip Goulder and Paul Klenerman and Screaton, {Gavin R.} and Alan Winston and Hill, {Adrian V.S.} and Gilbert, {Sarah C.} and Miles Carroll and Pollard, {Andrew J.} and Sarah Fidler and Julie Fox and Teresa Lambe and John Frater",

note = "Funding Information: This Article reports independent research funded by UK Research and Innovation (MC_PC_19055), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R013756/1), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, and NIHR. We acknowledge support from Thames Valley and South Midland{\textquoteright}s NIHR Clinical Research Network and the staff and resources of NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and the NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre. PMF received funding from the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Brazil (finance code 001). ALF was supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Science, China (grant 2018-I2M-2–002). MAA is supported by the Wellcome Trust and Royal Society (no. 220171/Z/20/Z). KJE is an NIHR Biomedical Research Centre senior research fellow. AJP and EB are NIHR senior investigators. MC, SL, and T Tipton are funded by a US Food and Drug Administration Medical Countermeasures Initiative grant 75F40120C00085. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR, FDA, or the UK Department of Health and Social Care. We thank the volunteers who participated in this study. The funders of the study had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. All authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. Oxford University has entered into a partnership with AstraZeneca for further development of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222). AstraZeneca reviewed the data from the study and the final manuscript before submission, but the authors retained editorial control. SCG is cofounder of Vaccitech (a collaborator in the early development of this vaccine candidate) and is named as an inventor on a patent covering use of ChAdOx1-vectored vaccines (PCT/GB2012/000467) and a patent application covering this SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. TL is named as an inventor on a patent application covering this SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and was consultant to Vaccitech. PMF is a consultant to Vaccitech. AJP is Chair of the UK Department of Health and Social Care{\textquoteright}s JCVI; however, AJP does not participate in policy advice on coronavirus vaccines and is a member of the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE). AVSH is a cofounder of and consultant to Vaccitech and is named as an inventor on a patent covering design and use of ChAdOx1-vectored vaccines (PCT/GB2012/000467). Open Access: This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, Ogbe et al. Citation: Ogbe, Ane, et al. {"}Durability of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination in people living with HIV.{"} JCI insight 7.7 (2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.157031",

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Ogbe, A, Pace, M, Bittaye, M, Tipoe, T, Adele, S, Alagaratnam, J, Aley, PK, Ansari, MA, Bara, A, Broadhead, S, Brown, A, Brown, H, Cappuccini, F, Cinardo, P, Dejnirattisai, W, Ewer, KJ, Fok, H, Folegatti, PM, Fowler, J, Godfrey, L, Goodman, AL, Jackson, B, Jenkin, D, Jones, M, Longet, S, Makinson, RA, Marchevsky, NG, Mathew, M, Mazzella, A, Mujadidi, YF, Parolini, L, Petersen, C, Plested, E, Pollock, KM, Rajeswaran, T, Ramasamy, MN, Rhead, S, Robinson, H, Robinson, N, Sanders, H, Serrano, S, Tipton, T, Waters, A, Zacharopoulou, P, Barnes, E, Dunachie, S, Goulder, P, Klenerman, P, Screaton, GR, Winston, A, Hill, AVS, Gilbert, SC, Carroll, M, Pollard, AJ, Fidler, S, Fox, J, Lambe, T & Frater, J 2022, 'Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV', JCI Insight, vol. 7, no. 7, e157031. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.157031

TY - JOUR

T1 - Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV

AU - Ogbe, Ane

AU - Pace, Matthew

AU - Bittaye, Mustapha

AU - Tipoe, Timothy

AU - Adele, Sandra

AU - Alagaratnam, Jasmini

AU - Aley, Parvinder K.

AU - Ansari, M. Azim

AU - Bara, Anna

AU - Broadhead, Samantha

AU - Brown, Anthony

AU - Brown, Helen

AU - Cappuccini, Federica

AU - Cinardo, Paola

AU - Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa

AU - Ewer, Katie J.

AU - Fok, Henry

AU - Folegatti, Pedro M.

AU - Fowler, Jamie

AU - Godfrey, Leila

AU - Goodman, Anna L.

AU - Jackson, Bethany

AU - Jenkin, Daniel

AU - Jones, Mathew

AU - Longet, Stephanie

AU - Makinson, Rebecca A.

AU - Marchevsky, Natalie G.

AU - Mathew, Moncy

AU - Mazzella, Andrea

AU - Mujadidi, Yama F.

AU - Parolini, Lucia

AU - Petersen, Claire

AU - Plested, Emma

AU - Pollock, Katrina M.

AU - Rajeswaran, Thurkka

AU - Ramasamy, Maheshi N.

AU - Rhead, Sarah

AU - Robinson, Hannah

AU - Robinson, Nicola

AU - Sanders, Helen

AU - Serrano, Sonia

AU - Tipton, Tom

AU - Waters, Anele

AU - Zacharopoulou, Panagiota

AU - Barnes, Eleanor

AU - Dunachie, Susanna

AU - Goulder, Philip

AU - Klenerman, Paul

AU - Screaton, Gavin R.

AU - Winston, Alan

AU - Hill, Adrian V.S.

AU - Gilbert, Sarah C.

AU - Carroll, Miles

AU - Pollard, Andrew J.

AU - Fidler, Sarah

AU - Fox, Julie

AU - Lambe, Teresa

AU - Frater, John

N1 - Funding Information: This Article reports independent research funded by UK Research and Innovation (MC_PC_19055), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R013756/1), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, and NIHR. We acknowledge support from Thames Valley and South Midland’s NIHR Clinical Research Network and the staff and resources of NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and the NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre. PMF received funding from the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Brazil (finance code 001). ALF was supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Science, China (grant 2018-I2M-2–002). MAA is supported by the Wellcome Trust and Royal Society (no. 220171/Z/20/Z). KJE is an NIHR Biomedical Research Centre senior research fellow. AJP and EB are NIHR senior investigators. MC, SL, and T Tipton are funded by a US Food and Drug Administration Medical Countermeasures Initiative grant 75F40120C00085. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR, FDA, or the UK Department of Health and Social Care. We thank the volunteers who participated in this study. The funders of the study had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. All authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. Oxford University has entered into a partnership with AstraZeneca for further development of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222). AstraZeneca reviewed the data from the study and the final manuscript before submission, but the authors retained editorial control. SCG is cofounder of Vaccitech (a collaborator in the early development of this vaccine candidate) and is named as an inventor on a patent covering use of ChAdOx1-vectored vaccines (PCT/GB2012/000467) and a patent application covering this SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. TL is named as an inventor on a patent application covering this SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and was consultant to Vaccitech. PMF is a consultant to Vaccitech. AJP is Chair of the UK Department of Health and Social Care’s JCVI; however, AJP does not participate in policy advice on coronavirus vaccines and is a member of the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE). AVSH is a cofounder of and consultant to Vaccitech and is named as an inventor on a patent covering design and use of ChAdOx1-vectored vaccines (PCT/GB2012/000467). Open Access: This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, Ogbe et al. Citation: Ogbe, Ane, et al. "Durability of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination in people living with HIV." JCI insight 7.7 (2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.157031

PY - 2022/4/8

Y1 - 2022/4/8

N2 - Duration of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV (PWH) following vaccination is unclear. In a substudy of the phase II/III the COV002 trial (NCT04400838), 54 HIV+ male participants on antiretroviral therapy (undetectable viral loads, CD4(+) T cells > 350 cells/mu L) received 2 doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) 4-6 weeks apart and were followed for 6 months. Responses to vaccination were determined by serology (IgG ELISA and Meso Scale Discovery [MSD]), neutralization, ACE-2 inhibition, IFN-gamma ELISpot, activation-induced marker (AIM) assay and T cell proliferation. We show that, 6 months after vaccination, the majority of measurable immune responses were greater than prevaccination baseline but with evidence of a decline in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. There was, however, no significant difference compared with a cohort of HIV-uninfected individuals vaccinated with the same regimen. Responses to the variants of concern were detectable, although they were lower than WT. Preexisting cross-reactive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike were associated with greater postvaccine immunity and correlated with prior exposure to beta coronaviruses. These data support the ongoing policy to vaccinate PWH against SARS-CoV-2, and they underpin the need for long-term monitoring of responses after vaccination.

AB - Duration of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV (PWH) following vaccination is unclear. In a substudy of the phase II/III the COV002 trial (NCT04400838), 54 HIV+ male participants on antiretroviral therapy (undetectable viral loads, CD4(+) T cells > 350 cells/mu L) received 2 doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) 4-6 weeks apart and were followed for 6 months. Responses to vaccination were determined by serology (IgG ELISA and Meso Scale Discovery [MSD]), neutralization, ACE-2 inhibition, IFN-gamma ELISpot, activation-induced marker (AIM) assay and T cell proliferation. We show that, 6 months after vaccination, the majority of measurable immune responses were greater than prevaccination baseline but with evidence of a decline in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. There was, however, no significant difference compared with a cohort of HIV-uninfected individuals vaccinated with the same regimen. Responses to the variants of concern were detectable, although they were lower than WT. Preexisting cross-reactive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike were associated with greater postvaccine immunity and correlated with prior exposure to beta coronaviruses. These data support the ongoing policy to vaccinate PWH against SARS-CoV-2, and they underpin the need for long-term monitoring of responses after vaccination.

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DO - 10.1172/jci.insight.157031

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C2 - 35192543

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VL - 7

JO - JCI Insight

JF - JCI Insight

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ER -

Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV

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