Dose and dose-rate effects of ionizing radiation: a discussion in the light of radiological protection

Werner Rühm; Gayle E. Woloschak; Roy E. Shore; Tamara V. Azizova; Bernd Grosche; Ohtsura Niwa; Suminori Akiba; Tetsuya Ono; Keiji Suzuki; Toshiyasu Iwasaki; Nobuhiko Ban; Michiaki Kai; Christopher H. Clement; Simon Bouffler; Hideki Toma; Nobuyuki Hamada

doi:10.1007/s00411-015-0613-6

Dose and dose-rate effects of ionizing radiation: a discussion in the light of radiological protection

Werner Rühm, Gayle E. Woloschak, Roy E. Shore, Tamara V. Azizova, Bernd Grosche, Ohtsura Niwa, Suminori Akiba, Tetsuya Ono, Keiji Suzuki, Toshiyasu Iwasaki, Nobuhiko Ban, Michiaki Kai, Christopher H. Clement, Simon Bouffler, Hideki Toma, Nobuyuki Hamada^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Radiation Effects

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

112 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The biological effects on humans of low-dose and low-dose-rate exposures to ionizing radiation have always been of major interest. The most recent concept as suggested by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is to extrapolate existing epidemiological data at high doses and dose rates down to low doses and low dose rates relevant to radiological protection, using the so-called dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF). The present paper summarizes what was presented and discussed by experts from ICRP and Japan at a dedicated workshop on this topic held in May 2015 in Kyoto, Japan. This paper describes the historical development of the DDREF concept in light of emerging scientific evidence on dose and dose-rate effects, summarizes the conclusions recently drawn by a number of international organizations (e.g., BEIR VII, ICRP, SSK, UNSCEAR, and WHO), mentions current scientific efforts to obtain more data on low-dose and low-dose-rate effects at molecular, cellular, animal and human levels, and discusses future options that could be useful to improve and optimize the DDREF concept for the purpose of radiological protection.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	379-401
Number of pages	23
Journal	Radiation and Environmental Biophysics
Volume	54
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-015-0613-6
Publication status	Published - 5 Sept 2015

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The present paper is based on presentations held at and discussions stimulated during a one-day workshop on DDREF jointly organized by ICRP and JANUS, on May 22, 2015, in Kyoto, Japan. RS and WR acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Linda Walsh (Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Germany) toward the planned meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. RERF, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, is a public interest foundation funded by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) and the US Department of Energy (USDOE). RERF research is also funded in part through USDOE award DE-HS0000031 to the NAS. This publication is associated with RERF Research Protocol 1-75. The views of the authors do not necessarily reflect those of the two governments. The study at IES is performed under contract with the Aomori Prefectural Government, Japan.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Keywords

DDREF
DREF
ICRP
LDEF
LNT model
Radiation risk

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10.1007/s00411-015-0613-6

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Rühm, W., Woloschak, G. E., Shore, R. E., Azizova, T. V., Grosche, B., Niwa, O., Akiba, S., Ono, T., Suzuki, K., Iwasaki, T., Ban, N., Kai, M., Clement, C. H., Bouffler, S., Toma, H., & Hamada, N. (2015). Dose and dose-rate effects of ionizing radiation: a discussion in the light of radiological protection. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 54(4), 379-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-015-0613-6

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abstract = "The biological effects on humans of low-dose and low-dose-rate exposures to ionizing radiation have always been of major interest. The most recent concept as suggested by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is to extrapolate existing epidemiological data at high doses and dose rates down to low doses and low dose rates relevant to radiological protection, using the so-called dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF). The present paper summarizes what was presented and discussed by experts from ICRP and Japan at a dedicated workshop on this topic held in May 2015 in Kyoto, Japan. This paper describes the historical development of the DDREF concept in light of emerging scientific evidence on dose and dose-rate effects, summarizes the conclusions recently drawn by a number of international organizations (e.g., BEIR VII, ICRP, SSK, UNSCEAR, and WHO), mentions current scientific efforts to obtain more data on low-dose and low-dose-rate effects at molecular, cellular, animal and human levels, and discusses future options that could be useful to improve and optimize the DDREF concept for the purpose of radiological protection.",

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author = "Werner R{\"u}hm and Woloschak, {Gayle E.} and Shore, {Roy E.} and Azizova, {Tamara V.} and Bernd Grosche and Ohtsura Niwa and Suminori Akiba and Tetsuya Ono and Keiji Suzuki and Toshiyasu Iwasaki and Nobuhiko Ban and Michiaki Kai and Clement, {Christopher H.} and Simon Bouffler and Hideki Toma and Nobuyuki Hamada",

note = "Funding Information: The present paper is based on presentations held at and discussions stimulated during a one-day workshop on DDREF jointly organized by ICRP and JANUS, on May 22, 2015, in Kyoto, Japan. RS and WR acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Linda Walsh (Bundesamt f{\"u}r Strahlenschutz, Germany) toward the planned meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. RERF, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, is a public interest foundation funded by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) and the US Department of Energy (USDOE). RERF research is also funded in part through USDOE award DE-HS0000031 to the NAS. This publication is associated with RERF Research Protocol 1-75. The views of the authors do not necessarily reflect those of the two governments. The study at IES is performed under contract with the Aomori Prefectural Government, Japan. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",

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Rühm, W, Woloschak, GE, Shore, RE, Azizova, TV, Grosche, B, Niwa, O, Akiba, S, Ono, T, Suzuki, K, Iwasaki, T, Ban, N, Kai, M, Clement, CH, Bouffler, S, Toma, H & Hamada, N 2015, 'Dose and dose-rate effects of ionizing radiation: a discussion in the light of radiological protection', Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 379-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-015-0613-6

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AU - Grosche, Bernd

AU - Niwa, Ohtsura

AU - Akiba, Suminori

AU - Ono, Tetsuya

AU - Suzuki, Keiji

AU - Iwasaki, Toshiyasu

AU - Ban, Nobuhiko

AU - Kai, Michiaki

AU - Clement, Christopher H.

AU - Bouffler, Simon

AU - Toma, Hideki

AU - Hamada, Nobuyuki

N1 - Funding Information: The present paper is based on presentations held at and discussions stimulated during a one-day workshop on DDREF jointly organized by ICRP and JANUS, on May 22, 2015, in Kyoto, Japan. RS and WR acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Linda Walsh (Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Germany) toward the planned meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. RERF, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, is a public interest foundation funded by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) and the US Department of Energy (USDOE). RERF research is also funded in part through USDOE award DE-HS0000031 to the NAS. This publication is associated with RERF Research Protocol 1-75. The views of the authors do not necessarily reflect those of the two governments. The study at IES is performed under contract with the Aomori Prefectural Government, Japan. Publisher Copyright: © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

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N2 - The biological effects on humans of low-dose and low-dose-rate exposures to ionizing radiation have always been of major interest. The most recent concept as suggested by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is to extrapolate existing epidemiological data at high doses and dose rates down to low doses and low dose rates relevant to radiological protection, using the so-called dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF). The present paper summarizes what was presented and discussed by experts from ICRP and Japan at a dedicated workshop on this topic held in May 2015 in Kyoto, Japan. This paper describes the historical development of the DDREF concept in light of emerging scientific evidence on dose and dose-rate effects, summarizes the conclusions recently drawn by a number of international organizations (e.g., BEIR VII, ICRP, SSK, UNSCEAR, and WHO), mentions current scientific efforts to obtain more data on low-dose and low-dose-rate effects at molecular, cellular, animal and human levels, and discusses future options that could be useful to improve and optimize the DDREF concept for the purpose of radiological protection.

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Dose and dose-rate effects of ionizing radiation: a discussion in the light of radiological protection

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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