Distribution and determinants of house dust mite allergens in Europe: The European Community Respiratory Health Survey II

Jan Paul Zock; Joachim Heinrich; Deborah Jarvis; Giuseppe Verlato; Dan Norbäck; Estel Plana; Jordi Sunyer; Susan Chinn; Mario Olivieri; Argo Soon; Simona Villani; Michela Ponzio; Anna Dahlman-Hoglund; Cecilie Svanes; Christina Luczynska; J. Knox; J. Potts; S. Arinze; Josep M. Antó; Peter Burney; Isa Cerveri; Roberto de Marco; Thorarinn Gislason; Christer Janson; Nino Künzli; Bénédicte Leynaert; Françoise Neukirch; J. Schouten; Paulatthias Vermeire; Matthias Wjst; J. Weyler; M. Van Sprundel; V. Nelen; R. Jogi; R. Liard; M. Zureik; I. Pin; J. Ferran-Quentin; C. Frye; I. Meyer; E. Bjornsson; D. Gislason; T. Blondal; A. Karlsdottir; M. Bugiani; P. Piccioni; A. Carosso; W. Arossa; E. Caria; G. Castiglioni; E. Migliore; C. Romano; D. Fabbro; G. Ciccone; C. Magnani; P. Dalmasso; R. Bono; G. Gigli; A. Giraudo; M. C. Brussino; C. Bucca; G. Rolla; E. Zanolin; S. Accordini; A. Poli; V. Lo Cascio; M. Ferrari; A. Marinoni; F. Frigerio; M. Comelli; M. Grassi; A. Corsico; M. Kogevinas; X. Basagana; A. Jaen; F. Burgos; J. Maldonado; A. Pereira; J. L. Sanchez; J. Martinez-Moratalla Rovira; E. Almar; N. Muniozguren; I. Urritia; F. Payo; G. Boman; D. Norback; M. Gunnbjornsdottir; K. Toren; L. Lillienberg; R. Sundberg; E. Norrman; M. Soderberg; K. Franklin; B. Lundback; B. Forsberg; L. Nystrom; B. Dibbert; M. Hazenkamp; M. Brutsche; U. Ackermann-Liebrich; B. Harrison; R. Hall; D. Seaton

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.04.060

Distribution and determinants of house dust mite allergens in Europe: The European Community Respiratory Health Survey II

Jan Paul Zock^*, Joachim Heinrich, Deborah Jarvis, Giuseppe Verlato, Dan Norbäck, Estel Plana, Jordi Sunyer, Susan Chinn, Mario Olivieri, Argo Soon, Simona Villani, Michela Ponzio, Anna Dahlman-Hoglund, Cecilie Svanes, Christina Luczynska, J. Knox, J. Potts, S. Arinze, Josep M. Antó, Peter BurneyIsa Cerveri, Roberto de Marco, Thorarinn Gislason, Christer Janson, Nino Künzli, Bénédicte Leynaert, Françoise Neukirch, J. Schouten, Paulatthias Vermeire, Matthias Wjst, J. Weyler, M. Van Sprundel, V. Nelen, R. Jogi, R. Liard, M. Zureik, I. Pin, J. Ferran-Quentin, C. Frye, I. Meyer, E. Bjornsson, D. Gislason, T. Blondal, A. Karlsdottir, M. Bugiani, P. Piccioni, A. Carosso, W. Arossa, E. Caria, G. Castiglioni, E. Migliore, C. Romano, D. Fabbro, G. Ciccone, C. Magnani, P. Dalmasso, R. Bono, G. Gigli, A. Giraudo, M. C. Brussino, C. Bucca, G. Rolla, E. Zanolin, S. Accordini, A. Poli, V. Lo Cascio, M. Ferrari, A. Marinoni, F. Frigerio, M. Comelli, M. Grassi, A. Corsico, M. Kogevinas, X. Basagana, A. Jaen, F. Burgos, J. Maldonado, A. Pereira, J. L. Sanchez, J. Martinez-Moratalla Rovira, E. Almar, N. Muniozguren, I. Urritia, F. Payo, G. Boman, D. Norback, M. Gunnbjornsdottir, K. Toren, L. Lillienberg, R. Sundberg, E. Norrman, M. Soderberg, K. Franklin, B. Lundback, B. Forsberg, L. Nystrom, B. Dibbert, M. Hazenkamp, M. Brutsche, U. Ackermann-Liebrich, B. Harrison, R. Hall, D. Seaton

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Background: Several studies in European homes have described allergen levels from the house dust mite species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and to a lesser extent Dermatophagoides farinae, but geographic comparisons of exposure levels and risk factors have been hampered by a lack of standardized methods. Objective: To study the distribution and determinants of the major house dust mite allergens Der p 1 and Der f 1 in 10 European countries using a common protocol. Methods: During home visits with 3580 participants of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II from 22 study centers, mattress dust was sampled and analyzed for Der p 1, Der f 1, and Der 2 allergen. Information on housing characteristics was obtained by both observations and interview. Results: Der 1 and Der 2 allergens were detectable (≥0.1 μg/g) in 68% and 53% of the samples, respectively. Large differences in allergen levels between study centers were observed, and geographic patterns for Der p 1 and Der f 1 were different. Low winter temperatures reduced Der p 1 rather than Der f 1. Important risk factors for high allergen levels included an older mattress, a lower floor level of the bedroom, limited ventilation of the bedroom, and dampness for Der p 1 but not for Der f 1. Conclusion: There are large qualitative and quantitative differences of house dust mite allergen levels in Europe, which can partly be explained by geographic and housing characteristics. Clinical implications: Mite allergen exposure may be reduced by replacing the mattress regularly and increasing ventilation of the bedroom, particularly in winter.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	682-690
Number of pages	9
Journal	Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Volume	118
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.04.060
Publication status	Published - 1 Sept 2006
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

ECRHS
House dust mites
allergens
geographic
housing
risk factors

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10.1016/j.jaci.2006.04.060

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Zock, J. P., Heinrich, J., Jarvis, D., Verlato, G., Norbäck, D., Plana, E., Sunyer, J., Chinn, S., Olivieri, M., Soon, A., Villani, S., Ponzio, M., Dahlman-Hoglund, A., Svanes, C., Luczynska, C., Knox, J., Potts, J., Arinze, S., Antó, J. M., ... Seaton, D. (2006). Distribution and determinants of house dust mite allergens in Europe: The European Community Respiratory Health Survey II. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 118(3), 682-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.04.060

@article{f8b0919e51d44f5aa9f7be7b1118010b,

title = "Distribution and determinants of house dust mite allergens in Europe: The European Community Respiratory Health Survey II",

abstract = "Background: Several studies in European homes have described allergen levels from the house dust mite species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and to a lesser extent Dermatophagoides farinae, but geographic comparisons of exposure levels and risk factors have been hampered by a lack of standardized methods. Objective: To study the distribution and determinants of the major house dust mite allergens Der p 1 and Der f 1 in 10 European countries using a common protocol. Methods: During home visits with 3580 participants of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II from 22 study centers, mattress dust was sampled and analyzed for Der p 1, Der f 1, and Der 2 allergen. Information on housing characteristics was obtained by both observations and interview. Results: Der 1 and Der 2 allergens were detectable (≥0.1 μg/g) in 68% and 53% of the samples, respectively. Large differences in allergen levels between study centers were observed, and geographic patterns for Der p 1 and Der f 1 were different. Low winter temperatures reduced Der p 1 rather than Der f 1. Important risk factors for high allergen levels included an older mattress, a lower floor level of the bedroom, limited ventilation of the bedroom, and dampness for Der p 1 but not for Der f 1. Conclusion: There are large qualitative and quantitative differences of house dust mite allergen levels in Europe, which can partly be explained by geographic and housing characteristics. Clinical implications: Mite allergen exposure may be reduced by replacing the mattress regularly and increasing ventilation of the bedroom, particularly in winter.",

keywords = "ECRHS, House dust mites, allergens, geographic, housing, risk factors",

author = "Zock, {Jan Paul} and Joachim Heinrich and Deborah Jarvis and Giuseppe Verlato and Dan Norb{\"a}ck and Estel Plana and Jordi Sunyer and Susan Chinn and Mario Olivieri and Argo Soon and Simona Villani and Michela Ponzio and Anna Dahlman-Hoglund and Cecilie Svanes and Christina Luczynska and J. Knox and J. Potts and S. Arinze and Ant{\'o}, {Josep M.} and Peter Burney and Isa Cerveri and {de Marco}, Roberto and Thorarinn Gislason and Christer Janson and Nino K{\"u}nzli and B{\'e}n{\'e}dicte Leynaert and Fran{\c c}oise Neukirch and J. Schouten and Paulatthias Vermeire and Matthias Wjst and J. Weyler and {Van Sprundel}, M. and V. Nelen and R. Jogi and R. Liard and M. Zureik and I. Pin and J. Ferran-Quentin and C. Frye and I. Meyer and E. Bjornsson and D. Gislason and T. Blondal and A. Karlsdottir and M. Bugiani and P. Piccioni and A. Carosso and W. Arossa and E. Caria and G. Castiglioni and E. Migliore and C. Romano and D. Fabbro and G. Ciccone and C. Magnani and P. Dalmasso and R. Bono and G. Gigli and A. Giraudo and Brussino, {M. C.} and C. Bucca and G. Rolla and E. Zanolin and S. Accordini and A. Poli and {Lo Cascio}, V. and M. Ferrari and A. Marinoni and F. Frigerio and M. Comelli and M. Grassi and A. Corsico and M. Kogevinas and X. Basagana and A. Jaen and F. Burgos and J. Maldonado and A. Pereira and Sanchez, {J. L.} and {Martinez-Moratalla Rovira}, J. and E. Almar and N. Muniozguren and I. Urritia and F. Payo and G. Boman and D. Norback and M. Gunnbjornsdottir and K. Toren and L. Lillienberg and R. Sundberg and E. Norrman and M. Soderberg and K. Franklin and B. Lundback and B. Forsberg and L. Nystrom and B. Dibbert and M. Hazenkamp and M. Brutsche and U. Ackermann-Liebrich and B. Harrison and R. Hall and D. Seaton",

year = "2006",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.04.060",

language = "English",

volume = "118",

pages = "682--690",

journal = "Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology",

issn = "0091-6749",

publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",

number = "3",

}

Zock, JP, Heinrich, J, Jarvis, D, Verlato, G, Norbäck, D, Plana, E, Sunyer, J, Chinn, S, Olivieri, M, Soon, A, Villani, S, Ponzio, M, Dahlman-Hoglund, A, Svanes, C, Luczynska, C, Knox, J, Potts, J, Arinze, S, Antó, JM, Burney, P, Cerveri, I, de Marco, R, Gislason, T, Janson, C, Künzli, N, Leynaert, B, Neukirch, F, Schouten, J, Vermeire, P, Wjst, M, Weyler, J, Van Sprundel, M, Nelen, V, Jogi, R, Liard, R, Zureik, M, Pin, I, Ferran-Quentin, J, Frye, C, Meyer, I, Bjornsson, E, Gislason, D, Blondal, T, Karlsdottir, A, Bugiani, M, Piccioni, P, Carosso, A, Arossa, W, Caria, E, Castiglioni, G, Migliore, E, Romano, C, Fabbro, D, Ciccone, G, Magnani, C, Dalmasso, P, Bono, R, Gigli, G, Giraudo, A, Brussino, MC, Bucca, C, Rolla, G, Zanolin, E, Accordini, S, Poli, A, Lo Cascio, V, Ferrari, M, Marinoni, A, Frigerio, F, Comelli, M, Grassi, M, Corsico, A, Kogevinas, M, Basagana, X, Jaen, A, Burgos, F, Maldonado, J, Pereira, A, Sanchez, JL, Martinez-Moratalla Rovira, J, Almar, E, Muniozguren, N, Urritia, I, Payo, F, Boman, G, Norback, D, Gunnbjornsdottir, M, Toren, K, Lillienberg, L, Sundberg, R, Norrman, E, Soderberg, M, Franklin, K, Lundback, B, Forsberg, B, Nystrom, L, Dibbert, B, Hazenkamp, M, Brutsche, M, Ackermann-Liebrich, U, Harrison, B, Hall, R & Seaton, D 2006, 'Distribution and determinants of house dust mite allergens in Europe: The European Community Respiratory Health Survey II', Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 118, no. 3, pp. 682-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.04.060

TY - JOUR

T1 - Distribution and determinants of house dust mite allergens in Europe

T2 - The European Community Respiratory Health Survey II

AU - Zock, Jan Paul

AU - Heinrich, Joachim

AU - Jarvis, Deborah

AU - Verlato, Giuseppe

AU - Norbäck, Dan

AU - Plana, Estel

AU - Sunyer, Jordi

AU - Chinn, Susan

AU - Olivieri, Mario

AU - Soon, Argo

AU - Villani, Simona

AU - Ponzio, Michela

AU - Dahlman-Hoglund, Anna

AU - Svanes, Cecilie

AU - Luczynska, Christina

AU - Knox, J.

AU - Potts, J.

AU - Arinze, S.

AU - Antó, Josep M.

AU - Burney, Peter

AU - Cerveri, Isa

AU - de Marco, Roberto

AU - Gislason, Thorarinn

AU - Janson, Christer

AU - Künzli, Nino

AU - Leynaert, Bénédicte

AU - Neukirch, Françoise

AU - Schouten, J.

AU - Vermeire, Paulatthias

AU - Wjst, Matthias

AU - Weyler, J.

AU - Van Sprundel, M.

AU - Nelen, V.

AU - Jogi, R.

AU - Liard, R.

AU - Zureik, M.

AU - Pin, I.

AU - Ferran-Quentin, J.

AU - Frye, C.

AU - Meyer, I.

AU - Bjornsson, E.

AU - Gislason, D.

AU - Blondal, T.

AU - Karlsdottir, A.

AU - Bugiani, M.

AU - Piccioni, P.

AU - Carosso, A.

AU - Arossa, W.

AU - Caria, E.

AU - Castiglioni, G.

AU - Migliore, E.

AU - Romano, C.

AU - Fabbro, D.

AU - Ciccone, G.

AU - Magnani, C.

AU - Dalmasso, P.

AU - Bono, R.

AU - Gigli, G.

AU - Giraudo, A.

AU - Brussino, M. C.

AU - Bucca, C.

AU - Rolla, G.

AU - Zanolin, E.

AU - Accordini, S.

AU - Poli, A.

AU - Lo Cascio, V.

AU - Ferrari, M.

AU - Marinoni, A.

AU - Frigerio, F.

AU - Comelli, M.

AU - Grassi, M.

AU - Corsico, A.

AU - Kogevinas, M.

AU - Basagana, X.

AU - Jaen, A.

AU - Burgos, F.

AU - Maldonado, J.

AU - Pereira, A.

AU - Sanchez, J. L.

AU - Martinez-Moratalla Rovira, J.

AU - Almar, E.

AU - Muniozguren, N.

AU - Urritia, I.

AU - Payo, F.

AU - Boman, G.

AU - Norback, D.

AU - Gunnbjornsdottir, M.

AU - Toren, K.

AU - Lillienberg, L.

AU - Sundberg, R.

AU - Norrman, E.

AU - Soderberg, M.

AU - Franklin, K.

AU - Lundback, B.

AU - Forsberg, B.

AU - Nystrom, L.

AU - Dibbert, B.

AU - Hazenkamp, M.

AU - Brutsche, M.

AU - Ackermann-Liebrich, U.

AU - Harrison, B.

AU - Hall, R.

AU - Seaton, D.

PY - 2006/9/1

Y1 - 2006/9/1

N2 - Background: Several studies in European homes have described allergen levels from the house dust mite species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and to a lesser extent Dermatophagoides farinae, but geographic comparisons of exposure levels and risk factors have been hampered by a lack of standardized methods. Objective: To study the distribution and determinants of the major house dust mite allergens Der p 1 and Der f 1 in 10 European countries using a common protocol. Methods: During home visits with 3580 participants of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II from 22 study centers, mattress dust was sampled and analyzed for Der p 1, Der f 1, and Der 2 allergen. Information on housing characteristics was obtained by both observations and interview. Results: Der 1 and Der 2 allergens were detectable (≥0.1 μg/g) in 68% and 53% of the samples, respectively. Large differences in allergen levels between study centers were observed, and geographic patterns for Der p 1 and Der f 1 were different. Low winter temperatures reduced Der p 1 rather than Der f 1. Important risk factors for high allergen levels included an older mattress, a lower floor level of the bedroom, limited ventilation of the bedroom, and dampness for Der p 1 but not for Der f 1. Conclusion: There are large qualitative and quantitative differences of house dust mite allergen levels in Europe, which can partly be explained by geographic and housing characteristics. Clinical implications: Mite allergen exposure may be reduced by replacing the mattress regularly and increasing ventilation of the bedroom, particularly in winter.

AB - Background: Several studies in European homes have described allergen levels from the house dust mite species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and to a lesser extent Dermatophagoides farinae, but geographic comparisons of exposure levels and risk factors have been hampered by a lack of standardized methods. Objective: To study the distribution and determinants of the major house dust mite allergens Der p 1 and Der f 1 in 10 European countries using a common protocol. Methods: During home visits with 3580 participants of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II from 22 study centers, mattress dust was sampled and analyzed for Der p 1, Der f 1, and Der 2 allergen. Information on housing characteristics was obtained by both observations and interview. Results: Der 1 and Der 2 allergens were detectable (≥0.1 μg/g) in 68% and 53% of the samples, respectively. Large differences in allergen levels between study centers were observed, and geographic patterns for Der p 1 and Der f 1 were different. Low winter temperatures reduced Der p 1 rather than Der f 1. Important risk factors for high allergen levels included an older mattress, a lower floor level of the bedroom, limited ventilation of the bedroom, and dampness for Der p 1 but not for Der f 1. Conclusion: There are large qualitative and quantitative differences of house dust mite allergen levels in Europe, which can partly be explained by geographic and housing characteristics. Clinical implications: Mite allergen exposure may be reduced by replacing the mattress regularly and increasing ventilation of the bedroom, particularly in winter.

KW - ECRHS

KW - House dust mites

KW - allergens

KW - geographic

KW - housing

KW - risk factors

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33748031070&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.04.060

DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.04.060

M3 - Article

C2 - 16950288

AN - SCOPUS:33748031070

SN - 0091-6749

VL - 118

SP - 682

EP - 690

JO - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

JF - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

IS - 3

ER -

Distribution and determinants of house dust mite allergens in Europe: The European Community Respiratory Health Survey II

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