Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 genomic variation in response to molnupiravir treatment in the AGILE Phase IIa clinical trial

I’ah Donovan-Banfield, Rebekah Penrice-Randal, Hannah Goldswain, Aleksandra M. Rzeszutek, Jack Pilgrim, Katie Bullock, Geoffrey Saunders, Josh Northey, Xiaofeng Dong, Yan Ryan, Helen Reynolds, Michelle Tetlow, Lauren E. Walker, Richard FitzGerald, Colin Hale, Rebecca Lyon, Christie Woods, Shazaad Ahmad, Dennis Hadjiyiannakis, Jimstan PeriselnerisEmma Knox, Calley Middleton, Lara Lavelle-Langham, Victoria Shaw, William Greenhalf, Thomas Edwards, David G. Lalloo, Christopher J. Edwards, Alistair C. Darby, Miles W. Carroll, Gareth Griffiths, Saye H. Khoo, Julian A. Hiscox*, Thomas Fletcher*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

24 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Molnupiravir is an antiviral, currently approved by the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) for treating at-risk COVID-19 patients, that induces lethal error catastrophe in SARS-CoV-2. How this drug-induced mechanism of action might impact the emergence of resistance mutations is unclear. To investigate this, we used samples from the AGILE Candidate Specific Trial (CST)−2 (clinical trial number NCT04746183). The primary outcomes of AGILE CST-2 were to measure the drug safety and antiviral efficacy of molnupiravir in humans (180 participants randomised 1:1 with placebo). Here, we describe the pre-specified exploratory virological endpoint of CST-2, which was to determine the possible genomic changes in SARS-CoV-2 induced by molnupiravir treatment. We use high-throughput amplicon sequencing and minor variant analysis to characterise viral genomics in each participant whose longitudinal samples (days 1, 3 and 5 post-randomisation) pass the viral genomic quality criteria (n = 59 for molnupiravir and n = 65 for placebo). Over the course of treatment, no specific mutations were associated with molnupiravir treatment. We find that molnupiravir significantly increased the transition:transversion mutation ratio in SARS-CoV-2, consistent with the model of lethal error catastrophe. This study highlights the utility of examining intra-host virus populations to strengthen the prediction, and surveillance, of potential treatment-emergent adaptations.

Original languageEnglish
Article number7284
JournalNature Communications
Volume13
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2022
Externally publishedYes

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© 2022, The Author(s).

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