Characterisation of particles within and aerosols produced by nano-containing consumer spray products

Adam Laycock; Matthew D. Wright; Isabella Romer Roche; Alison Buckley; Rachel Smith

doi:10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100079

Characterisation of particles within and aerosols produced by nano-containing consumer spray products

Adam Laycock, Matthew D. Wright, Isabella Romer Roche, Alison Buckley, Rachel Smith^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Toxicology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Nanoparticles have been incorporated into a range of consumer spray products, providing the potential for inadvertent inhalation by users and bystanders. The levels and characteristics of nanoparticle inhalation exposures arising from the use of such products are important inputs to risk assessments and informing dose regimes for in vitro and in vivo studies investigating hazard potentials. To date, only a small number of studies have been undertaken to explore both the aerosols generated from such products and the metal nanoparticles within them. The objective of the current study was to add to the limited data in this field by investigating a range of nano-containing spray products available within the UK. Six products were selected and the nanoparticles characterised using a combination of techniques, including: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX) and single particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS). The aerosol produced by these products, when sprayed within a glovebox, was characterised by scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS). A cascade impactor with thirteen stages (NanoMOUDI) was used with one product to generate information on the size specific nanoparticle elemental distribution within the aerosol. The results demonstrated the presence of solid nanoparticles (silver, gold or silica) in each of the products at low concentrations (<13 ppm). TEM and (sp)ICP-MS provided reliable information on nanoparticle size, shape, number and mass, while the light scattering methods were less effective due to the complex matrices of the products and their lack of chemical specificity. The aerosols varied significantly across products, with particle and mass concentrations spanning 5 orders of magnitude (10 - 10⁶ cm⁻³ and 0.3–7600 μg m⁻³, respectively). The NanoMOUDI results clearly indicated non-uniform distribution of silver within different aerosol particle size ranges.

Original language	English
Article number	100079
Journal	Atmospheric Environment: X
Volume	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100079
Publication status	Published - Dec 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We would like to acknowledge the valuable contribution of Kerstin Jurkschat (Department of Materials, Oxford University) who performed the TEM-EDX analysis and interpretation. This research was part funded by the United Kingdom National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit ( NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England and Imperial College London . The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR, the Department of Health and Social Care or Public Health England.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors

Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Keywords

Aerosol
Characterization
Consumer product
Nanoparticles
Spray

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10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100079

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title = "Characterisation of particles within and aerosols produced by nano-containing consumer spray products",

abstract = "Nanoparticles have been incorporated into a range of consumer spray products, providing the potential for inadvertent inhalation by users and bystanders. The levels and characteristics of nanoparticle inhalation exposures arising from the use of such products are important inputs to risk assessments and informing dose regimes for in vitro and in vivo studies investigating hazard potentials. To date, only a small number of studies have been undertaken to explore both the aerosols generated from such products and the metal nanoparticles within them. The objective of the current study was to add to the limited data in this field by investigating a range of nano-containing spray products available within the UK. Six products were selected and the nanoparticles characterised using a combination of techniques, including: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX) and single particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS). The aerosol produced by these products, when sprayed within a glovebox, was characterised by scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS). A cascade impactor with thirteen stages (NanoMOUDI) was used with one product to generate information on the size specific nanoparticle elemental distribution within the aerosol. The results demonstrated the presence of solid nanoparticles (silver, gold or silica) in each of the products at low concentrations (<13 ppm). TEM and (sp)ICP-MS provided reliable information on nanoparticle size, shape, number and mass, while the light scattering methods were less effective due to the complex matrices of the products and their lack of chemical specificity. The aerosols varied significantly across products, with particle and mass concentrations spanning 5 orders of magnitude (10 - 106 cm−3 and 0.3–7600 μg m−3, respectively). The NanoMOUDI results clearly indicated non-uniform distribution of silver within different aerosol particle size ranges.",

keywords = "Aerosol, Characterization, Consumer product, Nanoparticles, Spray",

author = "Adam Laycock and Wright, \{Matthew D.\} and \{Romer Roche\}, Isabella and Alison Buckley and Rachel Smith",

note = "Funding Information: We would like to acknowledge the valuable contribution of Kerstin Jurkschat (Department of Materials, Oxford University) who performed the TEM-EDX analysis and interpretation. This research was part funded by the United Kingdom National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit ( NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England and Imperial College London . The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR, the Department of Health and Social Care or Public Health England. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Authors Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

year = "2020",

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doi = "10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100079",

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AU - Smith, Rachel

N1 - Funding Information: We would like to acknowledge the valuable contribution of Kerstin Jurkschat (Department of Materials, Oxford University) who performed the TEM-EDX analysis and interpretation. This research was part funded by the United Kingdom National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit ( NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England and Imperial College London . The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR, the Department of Health and Social Care or Public Health England. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Authors Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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N2 - Nanoparticles have been incorporated into a range of consumer spray products, providing the potential for inadvertent inhalation by users and bystanders. The levels and characteristics of nanoparticle inhalation exposures arising from the use of such products are important inputs to risk assessments and informing dose regimes for in vitro and in vivo studies investigating hazard potentials. To date, only a small number of studies have been undertaken to explore both the aerosols generated from such products and the metal nanoparticles within them. The objective of the current study was to add to the limited data in this field by investigating a range of nano-containing spray products available within the UK. Six products were selected and the nanoparticles characterised using a combination of techniques, including: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX) and single particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS). The aerosol produced by these products, when sprayed within a glovebox, was characterised by scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS). A cascade impactor with thirteen stages (NanoMOUDI) was used with one product to generate information on the size specific nanoparticle elemental distribution within the aerosol. The results demonstrated the presence of solid nanoparticles (silver, gold or silica) in each of the products at low concentrations (<13 ppm). TEM and (sp)ICP-MS provided reliable information on nanoparticle size, shape, number and mass, while the light scattering methods were less effective due to the complex matrices of the products and their lack of chemical specificity. The aerosols varied significantly across products, with particle and mass concentrations spanning 5 orders of magnitude (10 - 106 cm−3 and 0.3–7600 μg m−3, respectively). The NanoMOUDI results clearly indicated non-uniform distribution of silver within different aerosol particle size ranges.

AB - Nanoparticles have been incorporated into a range of consumer spray products, providing the potential for inadvertent inhalation by users and bystanders. The levels and characteristics of nanoparticle inhalation exposures arising from the use of such products are important inputs to risk assessments and informing dose regimes for in vitro and in vivo studies investigating hazard potentials. To date, only a small number of studies have been undertaken to explore both the aerosols generated from such products and the metal nanoparticles within them. The objective of the current study was to add to the limited data in this field by investigating a range of nano-containing spray products available within the UK. Six products were selected and the nanoparticles characterised using a combination of techniques, including: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX) and single particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS). The aerosol produced by these products, when sprayed within a glovebox, was characterised by scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS). A cascade impactor with thirteen stages (NanoMOUDI) was used with one product to generate information on the size specific nanoparticle elemental distribution within the aerosol. The results demonstrated the presence of solid nanoparticles (silver, gold or silica) in each of the products at low concentrations (<13 ppm). TEM and (sp)ICP-MS provided reliable information on nanoparticle size, shape, number and mass, while the light scattering methods were less effective due to the complex matrices of the products and their lack of chemical specificity. The aerosols varied significantly across products, with particle and mass concentrations spanning 5 orders of magnitude (10 - 106 cm−3 and 0.3–7600 μg m−3, respectively). The NanoMOUDI results clearly indicated non-uniform distribution of silver within different aerosol particle size ranges.

KW - Aerosol

KW - Characterization

KW - Consumer product

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KW - Spray

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JO - Atmospheric Environment: X

JF - Atmospheric Environment: X

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ER -

Characterisation of particles within and aerosols produced by nano-containing consumer spray products

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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