Associations with intraocular pressure across Europe: The European Eye Epidemiology (E3) Consortium

Anthony P. Khawaja*, Henriët Springelkamp, Catherine Creuzot-Garcher, Cécile Delcourt, Albert Hofman, René Höhn, Adriana I. Iglesias, Roger C.W. Wolfs, Jean François Korobelnik, Rufino Silva, Fotis Topouzis, Katie M. Williams, Alain M. Bron, Gabriëlle H.S. Buitendijk, Maria da Luz Cachulo, Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire, Jean François Dartigues, Christopher J. Hammond, Norbert Pfeiffer, Angeliki SalonikiouCornelia M. van Duijn, Johannes R. Vingerling, Robert N. Luben, Alireza Mirshahi, Julia Lamparter, Caroline C.W. Klaver, Nomdo M. Jansonius, Paul J. Foster, behalf of the European Eye Epidemiology (E³) Consortium On behalf of the European Eye Epidemiology (E³) Consortium, Niyazi Acar, Eleftherios Anastosopoulos, Augusto Azuara-Blanco, Arthur Bergen, Geir Bertelsen, Christine Binquet, Alan Bird, Lionel Brétillon, Gabrielle Buitendijk, Usha Chakravarthy, Michelle Chan, Petrus Chang, Annemarie Colijn, Philippa Cumberland, José Cunha-Vaz, Vincent Daien, Gabor Deak, Marie Noëlle Delyfer, Anneke den Hollander, Martha Dietzel, Maja Gran Erke, Sascha Fauser, Robert Finger, Astrid Fletcher, Panayiota Founti, Arno Göbel, Theo Gorgels, Jakob Grauslund, Franz Grus, Catherine Helmer, Hans Werner Hense, Manuel Hermann, René Hoehn, Ruth Hogg, Frank Holz, Carel Hoyng, Sarah Janssen, Mélanie Le Goff, Sergio Leal, Yara Lechanteur, Terho Lehtimäki, Andrew Lotery, Irene Leung, Matthias Mauschitz, Bénédicte Merle, Verena Meyer zu Westrup, Edoardo Midena, Stefania Miotto, Sadek Mohan-Saïd, Alyson Muldrew, Michael Mueller, Sandrina Nunes, Konrad Oexle, Tunde Peto, Stefano Piermarocchi, Elena Prokofyeva, Jugnoo Rahi, Olli Raitakari, Luisa Ribeiro, Marie Bénédicte Rougier, José Sahel, Clarisa Sanchez, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, Cédric Schweitzer, Tatiana Segato, Jasmin Shehata, Giuliana Silvestri, Christian Simader, Eric Souied, Robyn Tapp, Virginie Verhoeven, Therese Von Hanno, Stela Vujosevic, Christian Wolfram, Jennifer Yip, Jennyfer Zerbib, Isabella Zwiener

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    30 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important risk factor for developing glaucoma, the second commonest cause of blindness globally. Understanding associations with IOP and variations in IOP between countries may teach us about mechanisms underlying glaucoma. We examined cross-sectional associations with IOP in 43,500 European adults from 12 cohort studies belonging to the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium. Each study conducted multivariable linear regression with IOP as the outcome variable and results were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. The association of standardized study IOP with latitude was tested using meta-regression. Higher IOP was observed in men (0.18 mmHg; 95 % CI 0.06, 0.31; P = 0.004) and with higher body mass index (0.21 mmHg per 5 kg/m2; 95 % CI 0.14, 0.28; P < 0.001), shorter height (−0.17 mmHg per 10 cm; 95 % CI –0.25, −0.08; P < 0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (0.17 mmHg per 10 mmHg; 95 % CI 0.12, 0.22; P < 0.001) and more myopic refraction (0.06 mmHg per Dioptre; 95 % CI 0.03, 0.09; P < 0.001). An inverted U-shaped trend was observed between age and IOP, with IOP increasing up to the age of 60 and decreasing in participants older than 70 years. We found no significant association between standardized IOP and study location latitude (P = 0.76). Novel findings of our study include the association of lower IOP in taller people and an inverted-U shaped association of IOP with age. We found no evidence of significant variation in IOP across Europe. Despite the limited range of latitude amongst included studies, this finding is in favour of collaborative pooling of data from studies examining environmental and genetic determinants of IOP in Europeans.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)1101-1111
    Number of pages11
    JournalEuropean Journal of Epidemiology
    Volume31
    Issue number11
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 1 Nov 2016

    Bibliographical note

    Publisher Copyright:
    © 2016, The Author(s).

    Keywords

    • Blood pressure
    • Body mass index
    • Epidemiology
    • Glaucoma
    • Intraocular pressure
    • Refractive errors

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