TY - JOUR
T1 - Anti-Hepatitis C (HCV) test positivity and new HCV diagnoses among women tested in antenatal services in England between 2015-2019
AU - Hibbert, Matthew
AU - Simmons, Ruth
AU - Mandal, Sema
AU - Sabin, Caroline A.
AU - Desai, Monica
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023
PY - 2023/12
Y1 - 2023/12
N2 - Objective: To determine associations with hepatitis C virus (HCV) positivity, new HCV diagnoses and subsequent linkage to HCV treatment services among pregnant women in England. Method: A retrospective cohort using routine laboratory tests for HCV-specific antibody (anti-HCV) and HCV-RNA undertaken during antenatal attendances England. All women receiving at least one anti-HCV test during an antenatal clinic attendance between 2015 and 2019 were included. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate sociodemographic associations with anti-HCV test positivity among pregnant women who did (PWIDs) and did not (non-PWIDs) inject drugs, as well as to identify sociodemographic factors associated with being newly diagnosed during pregnancy. Linkage to antiviral treatment services and treatment outcomes were determined for those women who tested HCV-RNA positive. Results: 32,088 women (median age 32 years, 19,664 (61 %) UK-born, 337 (1.1 %) PWID) received an anti-HCV test among whom 814 (2.5 %) had a positive anti-HCV test (95 % confidence interval [2.4–2.7 %]). Anti-HCV test positivity was 2.1 % [2.0–2.3 %] among non-PWIDs and 40 % [35–46 %] among PWIDs. In multivariable analyses among non-PWIDs, anti-HCV test positivity was associated with older age, living in more deprived areas, and varied by ethnicity and country of birth. Among PWIDs, anti-HCV test positivity was associated with older age only. Three hundred and twenty (39 %) of the women testing anti-HCV positive were new diagnoses; those who were newly diagnosed were younger and lived in less deprived than those with a prior diagnosis whereas PWIDs were less likely to be newly diagnosed. HCV-RNA positivity was 52 % (n = 330/640, 95 %CI[47.6–55.5 %]) among those with an HCV-RNA test within 30 days, and 75 % (n = 220/293, 95 %CI[69.7–79.9 %]) of those eligible for treatment had engaged in HCV treatment services after antenatal testing. Conclusions: Antenatal testing for HCV provides an opportunity for new case findings and engagement with treatment services where needed. Therefore, universal opt-out testing for HCV antenatally should be reconsidered.
AB - Objective: To determine associations with hepatitis C virus (HCV) positivity, new HCV diagnoses and subsequent linkage to HCV treatment services among pregnant women in England. Method: A retrospective cohort using routine laboratory tests for HCV-specific antibody (anti-HCV) and HCV-RNA undertaken during antenatal attendances England. All women receiving at least one anti-HCV test during an antenatal clinic attendance between 2015 and 2019 were included. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate sociodemographic associations with anti-HCV test positivity among pregnant women who did (PWIDs) and did not (non-PWIDs) inject drugs, as well as to identify sociodemographic factors associated with being newly diagnosed during pregnancy. Linkage to antiviral treatment services and treatment outcomes were determined for those women who tested HCV-RNA positive. Results: 32,088 women (median age 32 years, 19,664 (61 %) UK-born, 337 (1.1 %) PWID) received an anti-HCV test among whom 814 (2.5 %) had a positive anti-HCV test (95 % confidence interval [2.4–2.7 %]). Anti-HCV test positivity was 2.1 % [2.0–2.3 %] among non-PWIDs and 40 % [35–46 %] among PWIDs. In multivariable analyses among non-PWIDs, anti-HCV test positivity was associated with older age, living in more deprived areas, and varied by ethnicity and country of birth. Among PWIDs, anti-HCV test positivity was associated with older age only. Three hundred and twenty (39 %) of the women testing anti-HCV positive were new diagnoses; those who were newly diagnosed were younger and lived in less deprived than those with a prior diagnosis whereas PWIDs were less likely to be newly diagnosed. HCV-RNA positivity was 52 % (n = 330/640, 95 %CI[47.6–55.5 %]) among those with an HCV-RNA test within 30 days, and 75 % (n = 220/293, 95 %CI[69.7–79.9 %]) of those eligible for treatment had engaged in HCV treatment services after antenatal testing. Conclusions: Antenatal testing for HCV provides an opportunity for new case findings and engagement with treatment services where needed. Therefore, universal opt-out testing for HCV antenatally should be reconsidered.
KW - Antenatal testing
KW - Hepatitis C virus
KW - Linkage to treatment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85175550633&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103863
DO - 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103863
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85175550633
SN - 0266-6138
VL - 127
JO - Midwifery
JF - Midwifery
M1 - 103863
ER -